The promotion of self-consistent energy systems in highway service areas is a crucial initiative for achieving a dual-carbon strategy. However, the assessment of the resilience and energy efficiency of self-consistent energy systems in service areas remains a pressing challenge. This paper proposes an approach for assessing self-consistent energy systems in highway service areas. We analyzed the structure and characteristics of self-consistent energy systems, considering key indicators such as reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety. Subsequently, we established an assessment model and designed assessment strategies. In addition, the weights of various indicators were determined using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method, while the weights of system attributes were determined using an enhanced AHP-VIKOR method. We established a novel multi-criteria comprehensive assessment framework. Through analysis of comparison, the validity and rationality of the method system are verified by computing a self-consistent energy system in a service area as an example.
为最大化光伏电站发电效率,本文采用基于元启发式算法的改进金枪鱼算法,该策略区别于易陷入局部功率最大点的常规最大功率跟踪(Maximum power point tracking, MPPT)控制策略[16]。首先通过改进金枪鱼算法追踪全局最优值,然后采用变步长电导增量算法进行快速寻优。在阴影变化等复杂环境条件下,该方法能以较快的速度摆脱扰动带来的影响,从而有效提升光伏系统输出功率。基于此策略,光伏电站的正/负备用容量为:
整个系统有q项属性时,通过上述算法评估各项属性得到系统总体评价矩阵。为实现整个系统的多准则评价,采用基于AHP-VIKOR多准则评价的主客观结合方法。AHP实现从定量分析到定性分析的问题,对一个维的决策矩阵(方案数为m,指标数为n),建立各级综合评价模型,构造各指标综合评价矩阵,得到权重向量。VIKOR方法则首先确定正/负理想解,然后根据计算的各方案的属性评价值与理想解的距离,在可接受性和决策过程的稳定条件下对方案进行排序。VIKOR方法综合评价指数 L 为:
式中: L 为系统的综合评价指数;W为AHP确定的权重; A 为决策矩阵; B 为正理想解矩阵; C 为负理想解矩阵。
首先,根据熵权法由式(9)(10)得到各准则的客观权重,并采用TOPSIS法获得系统各属性的评价得分,如表1所示。其次,为评价自洽能源系统全年总体运行情况,根据AHP法,通过专家打分得到系统各属性的评价矩阵,如表2~5所示,各矩阵的一致性比例CR<0.1,满足一致性要求,由此建立评价系统各属性的标准评价矩阵 A。由标准评价矩阵 A 中各指标的最大值和最小值,确定各项指标的正理想方案矩阵和负理想方案矩阵。最后,使用AHP得到的权重,通过VIKOR法得到系统的RAMS四项综合评价指数,如图4所示。
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