To enhance the system's response speed and anti-interference capability and reduce the speed fluctuations of the range extender, a method of using generator torque to compensate for engine torque vibration is peoposed. The output torque of the engine to determine the influence of the harmonic components in the torque on the speed is analyzed. Then, a control strategy combining an adaptive backstepping method and a repetitive controller is designed. The repetitive controller is parameterized based on the fundamental frequency of the periodic torque disturbance of the system, and the stability and robustness of the system are analyzed. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted under different operating conditions, and the results show that this control strategy has good effectiveness and practicability in suppressing the speed fluctuations of the range extender.
目前,增程器转速控制策略主要分为以下2类。一类策略是将发电机作为负载,直接控制发动机以期望转速运行,其优点是发电机的输出转矩能够保持稳定[9]。在该策略的发动机转速控制方面,经典和改进的比例-积分-微分(Proportion integral differential,PID)控制算法由于结构简单、便于调参,在现有研究中被广泛使用[10-12]。此外,滑模控制[13]可提高系统的抗干扰能力,预测控制[14]、自适应控制[15]等方法也被用于发动机转速控制。
SohnJ, SunwooM, MinK, et al.Power management strategy for the 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicle based on the charge-sustaining control[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2019, 20(1): 37-49.
LiuHan-wu, LeiYu-long, YinXiao-feng, et al.Optimization of multi-point control strategy of range extender for extended range electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(8): 1741-1750.
[4]
GuanettiJ, FormentinS, CornoM, et al. Optimal energy management in series hybrid electric bicycles[J]. Automatica, 2017, 81: 96-106.
[5]
QinY C, TangX L, JiaT,et al. Noise and vibration suppression in hybrid electric vehicles:State of the art and challenges[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020, 124:No. 109782.
[6]
BasmaH M, MansourC, HalabyH, et al.Methodology to design an optimal rule based energy management strategy using energetic macroscopic representation:Case of plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle[J].Advanced in Automobile Engineering, 2018, 7(3): No. 1000188.
ZhangLi-jun, KanYi-ran, MengDe-jian, et al.Modeling and analysis of torsional vibration of internal combustion engine range extender[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2018, 40(9): 1101-1109.
[9]
WellmannT, GovindswamyK, TomazicD. Impact of the future fuel economy targets on powertrain, driveline and vehicle NVH development[J]. SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH, 2017, 1(2): 428-438.
[10]
HooperP R. Low noise, vibration and harshness solutions for in-line three-cylinder range extender and hybrid electric vehicles[J]. International Journal of Engine Research, 2021, 22(2): 581-591.
[11]
ShenY, WangY, MengB, et al.Cooperative control strategy of power following-speed switching in a range extender electric vehicle APU[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 26(12): 1690-1696.
[12]
BanarezaeiS, ShalchianM. Design of a model-based fuzzy-PID controller with self-tuning scaling factor for idle speed control of automotive engine[J]. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering, 2019, 43(1): 13-31.
[13]
SivaP V N, BharathK V, SampathD, et al.Implementation of Neural Network-based PID Controller for Speed Control of an IC Engine[M]. Berlin:Springer Nature, 2022.
[14]
HowellM N, BestM C. Online PID tuning for engine idle-speed control using continuous action reinforcement learning automata[J]. Control Engineering Practice, 2000, 8(2): 147-154.
[15]
LiX Q, YurkovichS. Sliding mode control of delayed systems with application to engine idle speed control[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2001, 9(6): 802-810.
[16]
HuX S, ZhangX Q, TangX L, et al.Model predictive control of hybrid electric vehicles for fuel economy, emission reductions, and inter-vehicle safety in car-following scenarios[J].Energy, 2020, 196: No. 117101.
XiongWen-yu, WangShu-lin, YeJie, et al. Natural gas engine speed double closed loop adaptive control for range extender[J]. Control and Decision, 2020, 35(7): 1623-1630.
[19]
NorouziA, HeidarifarH, ShahbakhtiM, et al. Model predictive control of internal combustion engines:a review and future directions[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(19): No. 14196251.
[20]
WangH J, LengJ W. Summary on development of permanent magnet synchronous motor[C]∥2018 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC),Shenyang,China,2018:689-693.
[21]
HuM H, JiangG C, FuC Y, et al. Torque coordinated control in engine starting process for a single-motor hybrid electric vehicle[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 9(7): No. 1687814017705965.
BaiShu-jie, WeiChang-yin, ChenYong, et al.Three cylinder engine range extender torsional vibration fuzzy PID active suppression[J].Noise and Vibration Control, 2022, 42(2): 51-58.
[24]
XiongW Y, YeJ, GongQ, et al. A range-extender engine speed control strategy with generator torque as an auxiliary input[J]. Control Engineering Practice, 2020, 103: No. 104596.
[25]
ZhangX, LiuH, ZhanZ B, et al. Modelling and active damping of engine torque ripple in a power-split hybrid electric vehicle[J]. Control Engineering Practice, 2020, 104: No. 104634.
[26]
ZhangJ Y, HuS, JuL Y, et al.Active vibration control strategy for online application in a range extender[J].IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 26686-26702.
[27]
ZhuG, DessaintL A, AkhrifO, et al. Speed tracking control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor with state and load torque observer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(2): 346-355.
[28]
HmidaA, HammamiA, ChaariF, et al. Effects of misfire on the dynamic behavior of gasoline engine crankshafts[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2021, 121(1): No. 105149.
[29]
ZhangS, WangC, ZhangH, et al. Dynamic analysis and bursting oscillation control of fractional-order permanent magnet synchronous motor system[J].Chaos,Solitons & Fractals, 2022, 156: No. 111809.
[30]
HaraS, YamamotoY, OmataT, et al.Repetitive control system:A new type servo system for periodic exogenous signals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1988, 33(7): 659-668.
TianGui-zhen, LuDong, LiuGuang-chen, et al. Research on power fluctuation control strategy of hybrid energy storage based on zero-phase low-pass filter for direct drive wind turbines[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2021, 42(6): 72-78.