On the basis of linear elasticity hypothesis and force method, an analytic theory for static analysis of pin-bar assemblies is developed from the incremental form of equilibrium equations, where the effect of initial internal forces, the compatibility equations and constitutive equations are taken into account. Then the displacements and the increments of axial force are decoupled by using linear algebra and Moore-Penrose generalized inverse theory. The basic formulas proposed finally consists of two parts — generalized equilibrium equations and generalized compatibility equations, both of which have square coefficient matrices of full rank being transposed with each other. In other words, they are formally consistent with the basic equations using in traditional force method, and will degenerate into the latter ones in dealing with the statically and kinematically determinate structures. Therefore, the proposed theory can be regarded as an extended version of the traditional force method considering the stiffening effect of initial internal forces, which is applicable to any pin-bar assemblies with small deformation and linear elasticity static structural analysis. Its calculation accuracy is increasing with the increment of prestress level and structural stiffness.
若平衡矩阵 A 的秩为RA,则 B 为(b+m-RA )阶方阵,其子块 KGH 和- STF 均具有明确的物理意义:前者各列为独立机构位移模态引起的几何力向量;后者各行为独立自应力模态引起的单元伸长量向量(取负号)。当初始内力可刚化所有内部机构时,矩阵 B 为可逆矩阵,由式(40)和式(41)直接求解及,即可同时得到δ n 、 β 、δ x 和 α 的解。
需要说明的是,式(40)和式(41)在形式上与第Ⅰ类结构——静定动定体系力法分析基本方程完全一致,因此可分别将其视为广义平衡方程( B 为广义平衡矩阵)和隐含线弹性本构关系的广义协调方程。由于其推导过程并未涉及第Ⅳ类结构的特殊性质,故同样适用于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类结构的小变形、线弹性静力分析。特别地,当研究对象为第Ⅰ类结构时,矩阵 B 退化为平衡矩阵 A,而和则分别退化成节点荷载向量δ q 和单元伸长量向量δ l。此时,式(40)和式(41)各自退化为静定动定体系的平衡方程 A δ n =δ q 和变形协调方程 ATδ x =δ l。
3 与现有方法的联系
3.1 矩阵位移法
第2节在推导广义平衡方程式(40)时,从变形协调方程式(20)出发,试图用内力增量δ n 表示位移增量δ x。当平衡矩阵 A 不满足行满秩条件时,式(23)给出了δ x 的通解;当 A 不满足列满秩条件时,还衍生出保证δ x 有解的关系式(22)。若反过来用δ x 表示δ n,由于单元柔度矩阵 F 可逆,故δ n 必然有解:
式中: G = F-1为单元刚度矩阵。将式(42)代入平衡方程式(18),整理后可得:
式中:为对角矩阵;通常称为弹性刚度矩阵,记为 KE,则式(43)可进一步写成:
式中: K 为结构的切线刚度矩阵。式(44)即矩阵位移法的基本方程。
对于非线性较强的结构,可按以下步骤迭代求解:①依据当前位形下(记为第i步)的节点坐标 xi 形成切线刚度矩阵 K,按式(44)求得节点位移δ xi;②由 xi+1= xi +δ xi 获得下一步(记为第i+1步)的节点坐标,并求解对应的切线刚度矩阵及节点不平衡力,代入式(44)求节点位移δ xi+1。重复上述步骤直到节点不平衡力足够小,满足预设的精度要求为止。本文以非线性矩阵位移法的数值结果为依据,对力法分析的准确性进行评估。
3.2 矩阵力法
如第2节所述,在满足式(22)的前提下,变形协调方程式(20)中δ x 的解可由式(23)给出。将式(23)进一步写成:
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