Facing the nonlinear, high noisy, and unstable characteristics of highway slope displacement monitoring data lead to insufficient accuracy of slope displacement prediction, this paper proposes a regression prediction algorithm that optimizes the variational mode decomposition(VMD) and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost) for the processing and prediction of highway slope displacement data. Firstly, the particle swarm optimization is used to find the optimal number of decomposition layers and the penalty factor of VMD, and then the slope displacement data are subjected to VMD to obtain the trend displacement, periodic displacement and random fluctuation displacement features. Secondly, other monitoring data are added as regression prediction feature variables, and the Shapley additive explanation(SHAP) is used to interpret the importance of the input feature variables, and then the important features are screened and inputted into XGBoost model for prediction, and the grid search is used to determine the optimal parameters of the XGBoost model. Finally, the applicability and robustness of the slope displacement decomposition method and regression prediction model proposed in this paper are verified based on actual case analysis.The results show that in the real cases of this paper, for slope displacement data decomposition, VMD has stronger applicability than empirical modal decomposition(EMD) and ensemble empirical modal decomposition(EEMD); for slope displacement prediction, the prediction accuracy of XGBoost is improved by 4.37% and 0.41% compared with the extreme learning machine(ELM) and support vector machine(SVM), respectively. The regression model proposed in this paper has high prediction accuracy and strong robustness. Meanwhile, it is shown that the slope displacement characteristic variables (periodici displacement, random fluctuation displacement and trend displacement) extracted by VMD have a greater degree of SHAP importance for slope displacement prediction. The method proposed in this paper can provide some ideas for highway slope displacement prediction and safety warning research.
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