To meet the scheduling needs of battery electric vehicle (BEV) in closed scenic areas, a multi-objective scheduling model was proposed. With the goal of optimizing the operating costs of BEV procurement, frequency of departure, stopping time, and charging price difference, a departure schedule solving algorithm was designed based on UI rules. Heuristic algorithms were used to solve the train number chain set, and a BEV performance testing plan was designed. By limiting the driving speed of the test sample vehicle, the single round trip time was obtained, and a maximum round trip calculation method combining CRUISE simulation and real vehicle testing was proposed. Taking the south line of Mount Wutai scenic spot as an example, the feasibility of BEV scheduling model and solution algorithm was verified. The results indicate that the UI rule-based time slot BEV scheduling algorithm can achieve minute level BEV departure schedules. The deviation rate between the calculated number of BEV cars purchased on the example route and the ideal minimum number of cars purchased is 2.99%, with a solution time of 0.89 seconds. When simulating a scheduling plan with a daily passenger flow from 3 000 to 30 000, the maximum deviation rate of actual transportation capacity supply and demand is 1.00%. The research results can be applied to the BEV dynamic scheduling algorithm and vehicle scale calculation model for enclosed scenic spots.
近年来,4A级以上景区游客量持续增加,导致景区内社会车辆也随之增加,为提高运输组织效率,缓解景区内社会车辆的交通拥堵,各景区纷纷实施封闭式交通管理方案。旅游景区是低碳化出行的先行者,在实施封闭式交通管理方案的同时,纯电动客车(Battery electric vehicle,BEV)成为首选运载工具,景区逐步将传统客车替换为BEV,因而有必要建立封闭式景区BEV的调度方法,以支撑封闭式交通管理方案的正常运行。
封闭式景区的BEV调度问题不需要考虑车辆满载率、道路拥堵情况、乘客出行路线和BEV车辆性能等因素,但更加注重运营成本的最小化与运行效率的最大化。综上研究,缺乏一种求解精度高的启发式算法用于BEV调度问题;多将BEV与传统客车的性能等同考虑,认为BEV充满电后完全能够承担单日繁重的调度任务,忽略了BEV的动力、燃耗和充电性能;未在单日最大往返次数中考虑BEV的制动能量回收(Braking energy recovery,BER)能够回收10%以上电能的优势。本文针对封闭式景区的实际需求,提出一套完整的BEV性能测试方案,以成本最优为目标构建BEV调度优化模型,设计相应算法求解模型,最后以实例景区验证BEV调度方法的可行性。
所有车型的行车计划表都需要满足班次的时间衔接条件。传统客车的常规调度模型不需要考虑车辆性能,是由于车辆加满油/气后的续驶里程可满足每个运营日的需求,不考虑补充燃料的时间,传统客车无制动能量回收系统(Braking energy recovery system,BERS)也不考虑能量回收。然而,BEV在调度时的性能表现受制于电池的充/放电能力,电池的续驶里程和充电时间对调度模型的影响无法忽略,且BERS能够在下坡过程中回收可观的电量,故BEV的调度模型与传统客车不同,需要在模型约束和求解过程中引入特殊的参数限制,因而BEV还应满足续驶里程的约束条件。
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