In view of the poor energy absorption and buffering capacity of existing concrete rigid guardrails, a new type of composite guardrail with U-shaped steel and concrete encased by foam aluminum is proposed. Using ABAQUS to establish a guardrail vehicle collision coupling system, simulate the collision process of a 49 t heavy-duty truck with a guardrail, and analyze the guiding function, buffering function, and energy absorption function of the guardrail. The results of finite element analysis show that the ultimate strength of the new composite guardrail with wrapped U-shaped steel and concrete assembled with foam aluminum is significantly improved compared with the existing ordinary concrete guardrail. At the same time, during the collision of the truck with the guardrail, the loaded truck did not cross the guardrail, and the new combination guardrail has good guidance performance; the lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration at the driver's position are both less than 200 m/s2; the protection energy of the new composite guardrail is 431 kJ, and the impact efficiency is 91.25%. The new composite guardrail structure of wrapped U-shaped steel concrete with foam aluminum has a good energy absorption and cushioning effect, which can reduce the degree of injury to passengers, has a good anti-collision performance, can effectively improve the safety of riding, and can provide a reference for the energy absorption design of concrete guardrails.
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