In order to quantitatively assess how the design of sound barriers affects the driver's behavior and experience, the study proposes various acoustic barrier design schemes for the Sichuan Tianfu New Area-Qionglai Expressway, with different levels of complexity and style. To analyze the driving behavior of subjects under different design schemes, 25 participants were recruited to conduct driving simulation tests in five different scenarios. The study selected representative vehicle operation indexes and physiological and psychological indexes of the subjects. A comprehensive evaluation model was constructed based on the combination of game theory and the Topsis evaluation model. The results of the study are summarized in the following table. The research results indicate that the Topsis comprehensive evaluation model has a significant impact on the driving behavior, physiology, and psychology of the driver. Specifically, the continuity of the sound barrier pattern and the degree of information loading are important indicators. To improve driving stability and safety, it is recommended to reduce the degree of information loading and improve the degree of pattern continuity. These changes can effectively reduce the lateral acceleration standard deviation and speed standard deviation. Additionally, the driver's driving comfort is also improved.
研究发现,在一定速度区间内,行驶速度与行车安全显著相关,世界卫生组织根据事故数据统计分析得出平均车速每提升1%,致命车祸的风险就会增加4%[13],事故发生时的速度越快,人员死亡概率越高,经济损失越大。横向加速度及标准差可以反映车辆行驶的稳定性,据统计,横向不稳定偏移是导致车辆发生事故的主要原因之一,横向加速度越大,标准差越高,则车辆横向摆幅幅度越大、频率越高,行车风险越大。瞳孔直径与驾驶员视觉感受相关,隧道出入口的明、暗变化对驾驶员视觉造成较大负荷,因此隧道出入口的事故率高于普通路段[14]。注视时间及注视次数与事物对驾驶员的吸引程度及驾驶员认知、判断该事物所需时间有关,注视点频繁转移会导致驾驶员大脑处理的信息变多。所有正常窦性NN间期(即心跳间期)的标准差(Standard Deviation of NN intervals,SDNN)、短时副交感神经活性指标(Root Mean Square of Successive Differences,RMSSD)及LF/HF值是体现心率变异性的指标,心率变化越不稳定,驾驶员操作失误的概率越大[15]。
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