In order to better describe the structure and behavior of the shared lane keeping assist system (LKAS), and hence to enable the intelligent system to predict the driver's steering intention during the co-driving, a novel shared steering control algorithm based on situation prediction factor is thus proposed. Firstly, a driver steering model based on visual preview characteristics and neuromuscular dynamics is introduced. The parameters of such model are identified by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. By the integration of driver steering model and vehicle-road model, the closed-loop driver-vehicle-road model is established. Secondly, by employing model predictive control (MPC) framework, the decision-making of desired steering torque for shared LKAS is transformed into an online quadratic programming (QP) problem formulated as a quadratic objective function with multiple linear inequality constraints. Then, in order to achieve smooth transition of driving control authority, a driver-automation control authority model is designed using comprehensive preview error approach. Finally, the comparative experimental results demonstrate that by introducing the driver steering model, the intervention from intelligent system, negative intervention especially, can be effectively reduced to a certain extent, but the improved driver-automation friendliness is at the cost of sacrificing the accuracy of lateral motion control.
(1)基于车辆状态的控制权分配策略。主要是通过计算车辆横向位置偏差与航向角偏差、换道时间(Time to lane crossing, TLC)、碰撞时间(Time to collision, TTC)等来设计人机控制权分配策略。TLC常被用于换道辅助系统(Lane change assist, LCA)[8]、协同转向系统设计[9]。Noh等[10]采用TTC、刹车时间与最小安全边界指标来量化车辆当前的危险程度,进而设计多模式控制与切换逻辑。陈无畏等[11]设计了一种基于预瞄偏移距离的人机权值分配策略,在保证一定轨迹跟踪精度的前提下给予驾驶人更多的控制权裕度。Guo等[12]根据车辆横向位置偏差与航向角偏差来判断驾驶人的换道意图,提升了人机协同转向控制的舒适性。
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