Finite element analysis was used to study the temperature and displacement distribution of automotive interior components at different moments during the bonding process, and the effects of boundary constraints on the model temperature, thermal stress, displacement and damage to the adhesive layer was investigated. The simulation analysis results show that with the increase of time, the temperature of the model increases, the displacement becomes larger and more obvious in the position of large curvature; the simultaneous constraints on the side and bottom surfaces of the interior components during the bonding process effectively reduce the damage of the adhesive layer and improve the overall stiffness of the structure. Comparing the temperature, stress and displacement clound maps under different boundary constraints, it is determined that the optimal design of constraining the side and bottom surfaces at the same time is important for improving the quality of bonding of automotive interior components. This study optimises the bonding process for automotive interior components and provides guidance for improving product quality during the bonding process.
目前,许多研究者针对胶接接头的力学性能做了较为深入的研究。沃西源等[2]通过研究胶接接头的形成和分析其内应力发现,接头的强度不仅与胶黏剂和被黏物的黏结能力有关,还取决于胶黏剂本身的力学性能;同时还发现,结构胶黏剂产生的应力集中与其内部的缺陷有关。兰凤崇等[3]通过有限元分析和实验,探究了铝镁单搭接接头中胶黏剂类型、胶层厚度、胶接搭接长度对胶接结构连接强度的影响。曹蕾蕾等[4]对胶接单搭接接头承受热载荷的温度场和热应力分布进行了数值模拟,发现峰值热应力出现在搭接区边缘,得出胶接接头由热载荷作用产生的热应力不可忽视的结论,且研究中还提及胶层厚度和搭接长度对接头热应力的影响。Ji等[5]表示黏结结构的界面断裂是现代工业广泛存在的一个关键问题,并利用黏结区模型(Cohesive zone model,CZM),采用整体和局部实验研究了黏合剂厚度对界面能量释放率、界面强度和界面牵引分离规律的影响。Wang等[6]基于物理力学定律,建立了3层黏结结构在温度场下的热应力分析模型,还研究了由硅芯片、聚酰亚胺薄膜和复合材料组成的黏结结构在温度梯度下的热应力分布。Ichikawa等[7]采用三维有限元计算,分析了承受静态拉伸载荷的阶梯搭接胶接接头中的应力分布,研究了胶层弹性模量、胶层厚度和层数对界面应力分布的影响,并建立了接头的优化设计方法。Grant等[8]广泛研究了用于汽车结构制造的黏结搭接接头和T形接头,明确了使用结构黏合剂代替点焊的效果,并利用有限元分析验证了失效准则的有效性。
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