When a six-lane freeway closes two adjacent lanes, two upstream transition zones need to be set up. However, the current regulations do not specify the specific value of the distance between the two. Considering the mixing of automatic cars (AC), the problem of the value of this distance is studied. Firstly, the traffic efficiency in the warning zone is defined as the evaluation basis for the upstream transition zone spacing D, and a dynamic comprehensive evaluation function is constructed to classify the traffic efficiency in the warning zone. Secondly, through SUMO software modeling, simulation experiments with different values of D were conducted based on different traffic conditions, such as different traffic volumes V, human-driving truck mixing rate T, and AC penetration rate P, to analyze the changes in traffic efficiency in the warning zone. Then, based on the classification of traffic efficiency, the range of values for D under different traffic conditions is explored through experiments. Finally, analyze the impact of D on the work zone environment and traffic efficiency under different traffic conditions. The simulation experiment shows that the larger the D, the higher the traffic efficiency in the warning zone, and this change is non-linear, with the increase rate slowing down as D increases. As V or T increases, the traffic efficiency in the warning zone decreases, and increasing D is necessary to maintain the same traffic efficiency in the warning zone. As P increases, the traffic efficiency in the warning zone first increases and then decreases. There exists an optimal P that maximizes the traffic efficiency in the warning zone and minimizes D. Compared to taking the minimum value of D, increasing D can reduce CO2 emissions. Under appropriate traffic conditions, increasing D can simultaneously improve the traffic efficiency in warning zone and reduce the average travel time.
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