To facilitate the dexterous operation of a mobile manipulator in a complex environment, we conducted configuration optimization based on task priority for a redundant wheeled mobile manipulator (WMM). To achieve this objective, we initially established the kinematic models for the wheeled mobile base and the multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator separately. Subsequently, we constructed the kinematic model for the WMM system based on these foundations. Subsequently, we designed an inverse kinematic model for the WMM using the task priority framework. Configuration optimization was then performed for various targets, including vehicle-arm dual trajectory tracking, singularity avoidance, and joint limit avoidance. Finally, the performance of the WMM in a complex environment is simulated using SolidWorks and Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
轮式移动机械臂(Wheeled mobile manipulator,WMM)兼具轮式移动平台卓越的移动性能和多自由度机械臂灵巧作业性能,更便于进行复杂环境作业[2]。但同时WMM系统较为复杂,其具有的多自由度和移动平台可能存在的完整/非完整约束等给其精确建模带来了重大挑战。在运动规划和控制层面,WMM系统多自由度引入的冗余特性可用于优化其作业位形,进而提高任务完成能力和作业效率,但如何设计位形优化策略是广大科研人员面临的重大难题[3]。
在仿真中设定式(16)中的加权矩阵 W 为单位阵,为充分验证本文方法的普适性,定义两种末端规划轨迹,一种为圆轨迹:,另一种为“8”字形轨迹:,其中, xEE0为WMM末端初始位置矢量,REE=1.5 m。为确保WMM末端轨迹跟踪误差可收敛至零,下发的WMM末端速度指令设计为,其中,。需要指出的是,WMM末端轨迹跟踪中的z向轨迹和移动平台轨迹跟踪中的转向角度的指定输入均为零,且跟踪精度远高于其余各向轨迹,因此,在仿真结果中未做展示。仿真结果如图5~图7所示。
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