To explore the impact of mixed driving for human-driven vehicles (HDV) and Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) on traffic flow, a freeway heterogeneous traffic flow model was established. The enhanced intelligent driver model (EIDM) was utilized to describe the car-following behavior of HDV, and the EIDM model was improved to describe the car-following behavior of CAV considering the headway, speed difference and acceleration of multi-vehicles. Then, the minimizing overall braking induced by lane changes (MOBIL) model was utilized to describe the lane-changing behavior of HDV, and the game theory is introduced to consider multi-vehicle competition and cooperation, autonomous and cooperative lane-changing models of CAV were established. Through simulation experiments, the rationality of the model was evaluated and the operation characteristics of heterogeneous traffic flow were analyzed. The research shows that compared with existing models, the model built in this paper demonstrates significant advantages in traffic flow stability and driving comfort. The increase of CAV penetration rate is conducive to the improvement of traffic capacity, especially when the CAV penetration rate is greater than 0.4, the effect is more significant.
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