A method for relative measurement and grouping the diameter of large-sized bearing steel balls based on micro machine vision is proposed in this article. The method transformation from the difference in diameter of steel balls to the change in slit width is achieved through a micro-deformation elastic mechanism. The steel balls to be tested in the same batch are used as reference balls, and the difference in slit width between subsequent steel balls and reference balls is used as the grouping basis. CMOS cameras and coaxial microscopes are used to capture slit images, and preprocess the images with grayscale, mixed bilateral filtering, and threshold segmentation. Edges in the image are extracted by the improved Canny operator and Zernike moment sub-pixel algorithm to achieve accurate localization, the Ransac method is used to fit edge points, and the "one point, one line method" is proposed to achieve feature localization between different images, completing slit width calculation within the feature area. Five groups of micro-deformation elastic mechanisms are built using different materials, according to the repeatability comparison results, the hardened 304 elastic plate corresponding mechanism was selected to build a prototype. The experiments results show that the method can measure and group steel balls with a diameter of 30~100 mm, and the detection accuracy can reach 0.2 μm. The difference in diameter of steel balls in the same group after grouping is ≤0.4 μm.
以同批次中第一个待测钢球为检测基准,计算后续钢球与基准球对应的狭缝宽度实际尺寸差值,判断该差值在图14(b)中所属的区间,按照对应分组区间进行分组。实验选取公称直径φ60 mm G5级同一批次中10粒精密钢球进行分组分析,分组结果如表3所示,其中“*”表示基准球,可见本文方法可将同批次钢球分为直径尺寸更接近的小组,分组后同组钢球的直径差≤0.4 μm。
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