In order to optimize the design of excavator bucket structure and reduce the excavation energy consumption, this paper builds a joint simulation and optimization platform based on SOLIDWORKS, ADAMS, EDEM and MATLAB, and establishes a global optimization method for a medium-sized backhoe hydraulic excavator, which takes the maximal excavation load and strength of the bucket as the constraints, and the quality of the bucket and the unit excavation energy consumption as the optimization objectives. Through combined simulation of multibody dynamics and particle dynamics, load characteristics of the excavator during operation under different working conditions were obtained. Pearson correlation coefficients show a very strong correlation between experimental and simulated loads on the key hinge points of the bucket rod and boom, confirming the feasibility of using combined simulation to replace actual excavation operations. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) is used as the surrogate model and the parameters and hyper-parameters of MLP are optimized using Adam, Hyperband algorithm. The coefficients of determination R2 of MLP for bucket mass, maximum excavation load, excavation mass and excavation energy consumption are 0.999, 0.943, 0.933, 0.984 for Case Ⅱ; the R2 of MLP are 0.999, 0.944, 0.918, 0.925 for Case Ⅳ. The optimized MLP is combined with the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm to iteratively optimize the bucket structure. The results show that the optimized bucket achieves a mass reduction of 7.06 % and a unit excavation energy consumption reduction of 6.47 % under the premise of meeting the requirements of the maximum excavation load and strength.
铲斗及土壤颗粒的材料参数如表1所示。在铲斗与土壤的接触模型中,由于Ⅱ类原生土颗粒间黏附强度较高,因此本文采用Hertz-Mindlin with JKR接触模型。根据文献[20,23],选用球形颗粒代替土壤颗粒形状。颗粒接触参数参考同课题组以往研究成果[22],并参考EDEM模型库选择土壤接触参数,具体如表2所示。为提高计算效率,参考文献[24-26]中的颗粒放尺方法,将颗粒半径设定为18 mm。
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