To inhibit the formation and development of energy holes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and to equalize the energy consumption and hole distribution, the effects of parameters such as node density, node residual energy, and data transmission within the survival zone of hole edges, as well as the distance of multi-energy holes, on the generation and development of energy holes are systematically analyzed. To objectively describe the characteristics of energy holes, a series of definitions such as energy hole, fusion energy hole, hole edge domain, and hole distance are proposed. Drawing on the theory of diffusion of multi-component liquid mixtures, an energy hole evolution model is constructed by calculating the diffusion angle and diffusion velocity of energy holes. On this basis, the WSN clustering method based on the diffusion coefficient of the energy hole, the WSN data transmission optimization method to suppress the energy hole, and the node dormant scheduling strategy in the edge domain of the energy hole are studied. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has significant improvement in terms of network lifetime, data transmission, energy equalization, and hole distribution compared with LEACH, UCDTS, and EHSRA algorithms.
在WSN路由算法的相关研究中,对能量空洞特性的分析通常是片面的,并且缺乏对网络整体演化过程的深入研究。针对这一问题,提出了一个基于液体扩散理论的能量空洞演化模型。基于此模型,设计了基于多组分混合物扩散的无线传感器网络路由算法(Wireless sensor network routing algorithm based on diffusion of multi-component mixtures,RADMCM),该算法包括分簇方法、簇间及簇内的数据传输策略以及节点休眠调度策略,RADMCM算法旨在有效抑制能量空洞的产生和扩散,从而延长网络的生命周期并提高网络性能。
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