To address the problem that traditional signal separation algorithms cannot efficiently and accurately analyze specific faults, a signal extraction method combining Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), Laplacian Energy (LE) and Variational Mode Extraction (VME) was proposed, and multi-class Relevance Vector Machine (mRVM) together with Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory was adopted for intelligent fault diagnosis. This method is dedicated to the small-sample data scenario. First, the VMD-LE-VME method is used to extract effective fault information from fault signals and obtain multi-domain features. Second, the multi-domain features are input into the mRVM for fault identification. Finally, the classification results are fused by means of DS evidence theory to derive the final diagnosis results. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in handling small-sample data.
为了准确提取滚动轴承复合故障信号中的有效信息,本文提出结合VMD-LE与VME的信号处理方法,其思路框图如图2所示。首先,采用VMD将复合故障信号分解为4层不同频率的IMF,VMD分解时的参数设置如下:带宽限制为2 000;噪声容忍度为0;分解模态数为4;容忍度参数为1×10-7。其次,通过图信号处理(Graph signal processing,GSP)将IMF转化为图信号,计算各图信号的LE指标。由于LE指标用于评估信号的平滑度,其值越小表示信号平滑度越高、空间连续性越强,因此选择最小LE指标的IMF。最后,采用VME对最优IMF中心频率附近的频段进行提取。为了确保VME算法有效收敛,设置更新步长=0、收敛容差=、惩罚参数=1 000[20]。
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