To assess the real-time potential lane change risks of connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) in urban expressway merging zones, this paper proposes a level of risk index (LRI) considering risk exposure level (REL) and the risk severity level (RSL). Firstly, the lane change process of CAV is segmented into distinct stages, capturing adjacent vehicles within the same time sequence during the lane change process. The analysis determines whether a spatiotemporal overlap exists between the lane-changing vehicle and adjacent vehicles. If overlap exists, a potential conflict is indicated; otherwise, no conflict is present. Secondly, the lane change time to collision (LCTTC) and the loss of energy index (LEI) are proposed, the REL and RSL are derived by mapping to describle the characterize lane change risks. Thirdly, weight analysis is conducted based on Deng's grey theory. Finally, the lane changing risk are classified into low, medium, and high using the 15th and 85th percentiles of the LRI, and validity of the evaluation method is verified through simulation.
交通冲突的研究已成为评价和改善道路安全的重要工具。部分学者根据历史交通事故数据的特征,探寻事故内在关联机理,以判别或预警事故风险。Theofilatos[11]、Hu等[12]均利用轨迹数据量化冲突风险。国内外研究人员还提出了多种交通冲突指标,广泛应用于CAV换道风险评估。例如,Park等[13]提出了分析停车距离指标(Stopping distance index, SDI)的交通冲突指标;Zhang等[14]提出了基于碰撞时间(Time to collision, TTC)交通冲突指标;马艳丽等[15]建立基于PET算法的匝道合流区冲突识别模型;戢晓峰等[16]提出了基于距离碰撞时间的弯道路段交通冲突划分标准;陈吉清等[17]开展了综合风险量化研究,为理解不同类型的换道风险特征提供了宝贵的视角。
综上所述,国内外学者对换道安全及评价的研究已取得大量成果。但目前的换道风险研究多仅从风险暴露水平或碰撞严重程度的单一角度考虑,而在实际道路安全分析中,两者都至关重要。此外,现有研究多将换道视为连续过程,忽视了车辆在不同换道阶段的风险来源差异。传统TTC冲突指标是在假设车辆为点的基础上提出的,并未考虑相同空间交叉轨迹区域内的潜在风险。因此,本文从平面视角分析城市快速路合流区CAV的冲突形式,基于时空重叠分析提出考虑换道过程的换道碰撞时间(Lane change time to collision, LCTTC)和损失能量指数(Loss of energy index, LEI),并通过映射得到综合考虑风险暴露水平(Risk exposure level, REL)和风险严重程度(Risk severity level, RSL)的综合风险值(Level of risk index, LRI),用于评价合流区CAV的实时换道风险。
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