Aiming at the long-term aging prediction problem of Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this paper proposes a PEMFC output voltage prediction method of 2D-grid long short term memory networks(2D-G-LSTM) by denoising through locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS). First, data reconstruction and smoothing are performed by LOWESS to obtain smoothed data after eliminating noise and spikes. Second, a 2D-G structure is used to optimize the LSTM to determine the optimal parameters, and a 2D-G-LSTM is constructed based on the optimal parameters to achieve long-term prediction of the PEMFC output voltage over the next several hundred hour intervals. Finally, the proposed method is tested and compared with five classical methods, namely, extended Kalman filter, long short term memory network, correlation vector machine, echo state network, and back-propagation neural network, under two sets of aging datasets representing static and dynamic operating conditions, respectively. The results show that the root mean square error and the mean absolute percentage error of the proposed method are reduced by 51.19%, 53.66% and 43.88% and 49.43%, respectively, compared with LSTM when the training duration of the static and dynamic condition datasets reaches 550 h and 700 h, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method predicts a smaller error and the long-term aging trend of PEMFC is closer to the real value, and it can improve the aging prediction accuracy of PEMFC to some extent.
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