During the composite braking process of electric vehicles, there is a response speed difference between the motor and the hydraulic braking system, so the switching process between the two braking systems can cause impacts on the vehicle, affecting driving comfort. Therefore, an electro-hydraulic coordinated control strategy is proposed in this paper for braking mode switching process. A fuzzy PID control algorithm is used for the hydraulic braking system, and a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is used for the motor braking system, and the seagull optimization algorithm is used to optimize the MPC weight coefficients to eliminate the dynamic response difference between the two braking systems. A semi-physical simulation platform was built to verify the designed control strategy. The results show that, under constant and variable braking intensity conditions, the impact degree during different mode switching processes was reduced by at least 13.9 m/s3, and the impact duration was reduced by at least 0.15 s. Therefore, the designed control strategy can achieve a smooth transition during the braking mode switching process and improve the stability and comfort of braking mode switching in the composite braking process of electric vehicles.
制动力分配策略是制动控制策略制订的前提,并且直接影响电动汽车制动能量回收。王健等[5]利用模糊制动力分配策略对前后轴制动力进行分配,相比传统的固定比分配策略,能量回收效率大大提升。Zhao等[6]提出了一种基于约束优化的分配方法,可以最大限度地降低功率损耗,最大限度地利用再生制动,提高了电动汽车的能量利用率和续航里程。然而,该方法没有考虑再生制动过程中电机特性约束和电池SoC(State of charge)约束。为了弥补这个不足,Xu等[7]充分考虑ECE(Economic Commission of Europe)法规、电池和电机的限制,提出了一种电动卡车再生制动力分配策略,以提高能量回收率。在此基础上,Tang等[8]提出了一种基于制动意图识别和载重估计的再生制动控制策略,由载重估算结果计算质心位置约束区间,根据驾驶员的不同制动意图进行前后轴制动力的分配,能量回收效率得到进一步提升。
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