1.College of Control Science and Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China
2.The Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065,China
3.College of Electronics and Information Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China
For the obstacle avoidance control problem of truck platoons, this paper proposes a hierarchical control method with upper-layer trajectory planning and lower-layer trajectory tracking. In the upper layer, a leader truck trajectory planning method based on model predictive control is designed using a particle filter algorithm, which transforms the optimization problem into a probabilistic estimation problem, thereby improving the solution efficiency. In the lower layer, considering the strong nonlinearity of the coupled longitudinal and lateral dynamics of trucks, a distributed model predictive controller based on an integrated longitudinal-lateral dynamics model is developed to enhance control accuracy. Co-simulation results using TruckSim and Matlab/Simulink demonstrate that the designed two-layer control architecture ensures obstacle-avoidance driving for truck platoons, and in various road scenarios, the proposed distributed model predictive controller effectively tracks the planned trajectory.
在商用车队列路径跟随中,当道路情况发生改变,仅有控制层,无法满足控制需求,而规划层能结合道路环境信息,重新规划出参考路径。文献[20]采用5自由度车辆运动学模型,换道轨迹基于五阶多项式,设计了车队换道场景下的分布式模型预测控制器,保证纵向运动一致性及渐近稳定性的结果,但道路曲率为零的假设限制了驾驶场景。在路径规划算法中,Dijkstra算法用于寻找最短路径。基于图搜索的方法容易陷入局部最优。随机采样算法(如RRT和PRM)能够有效应用于高维状态空间,但其主要缺点在于求解效率较低,且所得到的解往往具有随机性并非最优。非线性模型预测控制(Nonlinear model predictive control,NMPC)结合预测模型和滚动优化,根据系统动态特性和约束条件进行路径规划。尽管NMPC能够在理论上实现最优性能,但在处理高维空间或高度非线性系统及非线性约束时,其计算复杂度显著增加。为应对此类问题,文献[21]基于车辆运动学模型提出了一种粒子滤波模型预测控制算法,以实现车辆路径跟踪。然而,该算法未充分考虑车辆的动力学特性,存在一定的局限性。
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