To solve the problem of storing and transmitting star maps by space detection cameras, a method of compression of star maps of region of interest based on real-time star location is proposed in this paper. First, the top hat algorithm of the ring structure element is used to separate the star object and the background in the star map. Then, through the improved star location algorithm, the star target is detected and the coordinates are output while scanning the star map. Then, the star image is obtained by opening the window in real time according to the star coordinates of the original star map. The star image is lossless compressed by JPEG-LS image compression algorithm, and the original star map background is compressed by near lossless compression with adjustable parameters. FPGA simulation results show that the processing time of the proposed method increases by less than 6% on the basis of scanning a star map with less than 20 star points. When the background compression parameter is 2, the compression ratio of the proposed method is more than 2 times higher than that of JPEG-LS lossless compression algorithm, and the PSNR is greater than 40 dB and SSIM is greater than 0.95. This method has obvious advantages in compression performance and has significant engineering application value.
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