In order to analyze the influence of travel time correlation and resource constraints on the selection of the most reliable path in traffic network, the model of the constrained most reliable path with stochastic traffic network considering travel time correlation is established, and the solution method of improved alternating direction method of multipliers is proposed. By Cholesky decomposition and quadratic term deflation, the objective function is transformed into a matrix form of separable structure, and the augmented Lagrangian relaxation problem is decomposed into a series of subproblems by the block coordinate descent method, the upper and lower bounds are iterated to obtain the approximate optimal solution. Numerical simulation experiments are carried out for Sioux Falls network and Chicago sketch network, and the performance of improved alternating direction method of multipliers and Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is compared and analyzed. The results show that the most reliable path problem with or without link travel time correlation is different, the travel time correlation and resource constraints have a significant impact on the selection of the most reliable path, the computational efficiency and convergence of the improved alternating direction method of multipliers are superior to the Lagrangian relaxation algorithm.
目前求解最优路径问题主要采用拉格朗日松弛算法、剪枝算法、A*算法等。Prakash[11]提出了基于边界的双层剪枝准则,结合标签校正算法确定随机时变网络上的最可靠路径;Yang等[12]以准时到达概率和百分位旅行时间为可靠性标准,拓展拉格朗日分解方法,重构了可靠路径模型。拉格朗日松弛方法将复杂的约束松弛到目标函数中,使复杂问题转化为更易处理的子问题,适用于具有复杂约束的优化问题,但在处理大规模优化问题时,会出现计算量过大的问题,导致收敛速度降低;剪枝算法可以排除非优路径,减少需要搜寻的路径,适用于动态规划中求解最优路径,其效果依赖于剪枝策略的选择,当最优解的部分路径被删除时导致解的质量下降或错过最优解,其解与最优解之间的差距也是未知的;乘子交替方向法(Alternating direction method of multiploers,ADMM)结合增广拉格朗日松弛法和块坐标下降法,将分解的子问题并行求解,在处理大规模优化问题时具有较高的计算效率,同时保证了良好的收敛性。目前ADMM方法在交通领域应用较少且主要集中在VRP问题和车辆充电桩选址问题,Song等[13]基于增广拉格朗日松弛方法,通过两次拉格朗日松弛构造均值-标准差的车辆路径问题的下界,得到高质量的可行解;Yao等[14]利用ADMM方法分解带时间窗的VRP问题,交替更新乘子和求解每个子问题,提高原始解和对偶解的质量;Song等[15]将ADMM方法引入可靠路径问题中,基于ADMM方法分解目标函数,提高了解的收敛性和解的质量。而ADMM方法还未用于求解带有行程时间相关性的约束最可靠路径,基于ADMM构建新的分解方法求解该问题,可对时间相关网络下约束最可靠路径算法进行拓展。
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