A combination of genetic algorithm and recursive least squares method was used to estimate the stability parameters of a semi-trailer, solving the problem that parameters such as tire cornering stiffness, vehicle roll stiffness and body roll damping are difficult to directly measure through sensors. In terms of adaptability to working conditions, the shortcomings of traditional offline identification methods are effectively made up for via this method. Compared with general commercial vehicles, semi-trailers have a more complex structure and diversified operating conditions. Therefore, in the process of ensuring vehicle safety and quality, greater attention must be paid to the stability control of semi-trailers. The prerequisite for achieving this goal is to establish a high-precision and high-confidence theoretical model of semi-trailer dynamics. On this basis,the theoretical model can be used as a following target, and the difference between the output state of the actual vehicle or commercial software vehicle model and the output state of the theoretical model is used as the control variable for adjustment. Joint simulation of Trucksim and Simulink is used in this paper to compare the output overlap between the Trucksim software model and the theoretical model under specific input and working conditions. Results show that the theoretical model established based on the parameters such as roll stiffness indentifled by the method proposed in this paper is superior to traditional offline identification method in terms of operating condition adaptability and accuracy, the estimation error is reduced by about 6%. This result lays the foundation for subsequent semi-traller stability control research based on this theoretical model.
上述计算得到的即为最优结果,但在实际问题中,矩阵 A 和 B 均随时间变化,且随着时间推移会不断新增元素,因此传统最小二乘法无法在线使用。此外,传统最小二乘法每新增一组数据均需重新计算矩阵乘法,非常耗费时间和算力。为此,本文采用RLS解决实时估计问题,具体步骤如下:
最优由上一时刻、初始矩阵 A 与新增元素、递推得到,先计算增益,再代入递推公式中即可得到最优解。改进的RLS可以实时估计上述未知稳定性结构参数。但随着时间推移,数据会逐渐递增,而RLS等价考虑所有数据影响,容易出现数据饱和问题。实际上,应该对新增加的数据给予较高的考虑权重,对存在较久的旧数据给予较低权重。为此,本文引入遗忘因子对目标函数进行修正,具体计算方法与最终递推公式如下:
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