This paper proposes a bridge anomaly detection model that integrates temporal and spatial features TSSF-BADM. The model utilizes graph attention networks (GAT) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to extract temporal and spatial data features. These multi-dimensional features are then fused using gated recurrent units (GRU) to capture sequential patterns in the time series. The fused data undergo joint optimization through prediction and reconstruction models, employing stacked LSTM networks and variational autoencoders (VAE) for prediction and reconstruction, respectively. Finally, the prediction and reconstruction errors of the model are analysed using the peak over threshold (POT) method to obtain the threshold and perform anomaly detection, and the samples exceeding the anomaly threshold are considered as anomalous samples. The experimental comparison results show that the model in this paper achieves good performance on the real bridge Z24, the accuracy of recognition reaches 0.986 8, and the recognition delay is only 0.008, which are all better than other comparative models such as LSTM_VAE, MAD_GAN, OmniAnomaly, etc., and are able to effectively carry out the detection of the abnormal state of the bridge. It provides decision-making for bridge safety detection, preventive maintenance, etc.
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