To address the limitations of classical path planning algorithms, which often overlook multi-modal transportation combinations and lack modeling of waiting times, a study was conducted on the transportation network in Xiamen City. The research involved constructing a multi-layer network topology that considers waiting times. Based on the characteristics of FINLO, a time-dependent modeling method for waiting times associated with different travel modes was proposed. Finally, the time-dependent waiting functions were incorporated into a multi-layer network path planning algorithm based on an adjacency dictionary and binary heap Dijkstra's algorithm. The results showed that this approach effectively considers waiting time dependencies related to multi-modal transit, vehicle schedules, and signal control. Compared to path planning algorithms that do not account for waiting time dependencies, the proposed method reduced total travel time by 8.4%.
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