In order to reduce the conflict between vehicle and driver in the human-machine collaboration mode and to realize the flexible transition of control authority. Firstly, a simulated car-following experiment was carried out, and a driving risk assessment model was established based on time to collision (TTC), time to line crossing (TLC), and time to brake (TTB). Secondly, a predictive model of driver ability loss was developed using random forest regression (RFR) based on longitudinal acceleration and steering wheel angle. Finally, a control authority allocation strategy was formulated based on the boundary thresholds of driving risk and driver ability loss. The results show that in longitudinal collision events and near-collision events, the model suggests that the moment when the vehicle should intervene is 0.62 seconds and 1.03 seconds earlier than the driver steps on the brake pedal, respectively, with an effective recognition rate of 87%. The study can provide some theoretical assistance for the design of control allocation and transition between the vehicle and the driver in the human-machine collaborative driving.
由于日常驾驶中为驾驶人佩戴生理检测设备并不现实,因此以往研究大多收集车辆行驶和驾驶人状态数据展开研究。基于驾驶风险方面,许多学者试图通过碰撞时间(Time to collision, TTC)、制动时间(Time to brake, TTB)和车辆横向位置等因素设计了分配和切换控制权的规则[6, 11, 12]。例如,Ko等[11]基于博弈论,提出了一种使用TTC和跟车距离偏差的车道保持任务的共享控制策略,分别讨论了人机之间合作和不合作情况。
因此,本研究的主要目的是建立一种同时考虑实时驾驶风险和驾驶能力的人机控制权限分配模型,实现控制权在驾驶人与车辆间的柔性切换,减少驾驶人与协作系统的潜在冲突。以跟车场景作为典型实验场景,基于方向盘转角和加速度偏差建立了驾驶人能力损失评估模型。使用TTC、越过车道线时间(Time to lane, TLC)和TTB建立了风险水平量化模型,通过驾驶风险和驾驶人能力损失边界阈值划分了二维空间边界,最后求解,得到了车辆控制权分配的计算方程。本研究创新点如下。
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