This paper focuses on the urban last-mile delivery process under the drone service model, optimizing drone delivery facility location and service allocation strategies through a two-stage mathematical programming model. The impact of demand uncertainty on location-allocation decisions is characterized using a distributionally robust optimization method. The original model is equivalently transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming problem, and an outer approximation algorithm is proposed to improve solving efficiency. Simulation verification is conducted based on the pharmaceutical delivery data in Songjiang District, Shanghai. The results indicate that the proposed outer approximation algorithm can reduce the computational time of commercial solvers by 32.07%; compared with the deterministic model, the proposed distributionally robust optimization model can increase the system's total profit by 4.21 times when demand is highly volatile.
针对所建立的混合整数二次锥规划(Mixed-integer second order cone programming, MISOCP)问题,本文采用外逼近算法(Outer approximation method, OAM)进行优化。OAM是一种精确求解混合整数非线性规划问题的全局优化方法,它将原始问题分解成较简单的混合整数线性规划(Mixed integer linear programming,MILP)主问题,和一个非线性规划(Nonlinear program,NLP)子问题,通过不断交替迭代求解可以得到一系列原问题的上界和下界[15]。在原始问题满足一定条件时,OAM能够通过有限次迭代获得原始问题的最优解,相较于演化算法在算法精确度上具有显著优势。
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