The existing research on multimodal driving fatigue detection mainly focuses on the application level, lacking in-depth exploration of the underlying mechanisms between each mode and driving fatigue. This study aims to explore the relationship between commonly used data sources (including electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and vehicle motion information parameters) and driving fatigue, and analyze the potential correlation between these data sources in driving fatigue detection. We collected 32 sets of data through driving simulation experiments and evaluated subjective fatigue levels using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, with eyelid closure as an indicator of objective fatigue levels. The parameters of the three modalities are the standard deviation of the R-peak interval of the electrocardiogram (RMSSD), the power ratio of the EEG frequency band (α+θ/β), and the standard deviation of the vehicle lateral offset (SDLP). In the exploratory factor analysis results, the variance explained by the first three factors exceeds 50%. A potential relationship model between various modes and driving fatigue was constructed using structural equation modeling. The analysis results showed that each mode can explain the variability of driving fatigue to a certain extent. Among them, RMSSD and SDLP have significant advantages in predicting subjective fatigue, while α+θ/β shows a close correlation with objective fatigue.
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