Taking a foundation pit project in Beijing as an example, the characteristics and laws of rebound deformation at the bottom of the super-deep foundation pit with a thick sandy soil layer were analyzed. It was found that the column deformation exhibits obvious three stages: rapid uplift in the early open excavation stage, slow deformation and settlement in the middle reverse slab construction stage, and continuous uplift in the late cover excavation stage, but the amount of early column uplift far exceeded the general scope of foundation pits. Based on theory and experiment, the influence and mechanism of spatiotemporal factors were studied. It was found that with the increase of width to height ratio and width to length ratio of the pit, the unloading stress increases, the unloading modulus decreases, and the rebound deformation increases. The greater the excavation unloading quantity and unloading rate, the greater the unloading stress, the smaller the unloading modulus and the greater the rebound deformation. Based on the above analysis, it was concluded that the spatiotemporal effect of soil rebound deformation caused by large excavation scale and fast excavation speed is the main reason for the abnormal uplift of the column in the early excavation stage, and this conclusion was consistent with the site excavation records of the earthwork. A calculation method of rebound deformation considering dynamic change of unloading modulus of thick sand soil was established. Through the comparative analysis of various calculation methods, it was pointed out that the influence of space-time effect should be fully considered in the calculation of rebound deformation of super-large deep foundation pit, otherwise it will lead to a serious underestimation of rebound deformation and affect the safety of subsequent construction.
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