To address the issues of complex installation and high maintenance costs in traditional axle load monitoring systems, an axle load monitoring system based on fiber-optic micro-bending sensing was introduced. A flexible sensor deployment strategy was proposed, and sensors were deployed on actual roads using a surface-mounting method. The installation process was made simple and quick, minimal traffic disruption was caused, and the durability and sensitivity of the sensors were effectively enhanced. By utilizing wavelet denoising technology and a “V-shaped” data normalization method, the quality of axle load signals and analysis efficiency were improved. Through statistical analysis of tens of thousands of axle load data collected from real roads, the log‑normal distribution was determined to be the optimal model for describing axle load distribution. The research results provide critical data support for pavement maintenance management and contribute to the development of more scientific and efficient maintenance strategies.
XuXi-zhong, WeiJin-cheng, ZhangXiao-meng, et al. Full-depth high modulus asphalt pavement structure combination and optimization based on mechanical response[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(11): 4581-4587.
[3]
PaisJ C, AmorimS I R, MinhotoM J C. Impact of traffic overload on road pavement performance[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2013, 139(9): 873-879.
[4]
ZhaoJ, WangH, LuP. Impact analysis of traffic loading on pavement performance using support vector regression model[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022, 23(11): 3716-3728.
HanDa-zhang, ZhouJun-yong, ZhuRong, et al. Load effect assessment of long-span bridges based on weigh-in-motion data[J]. Bridge Construction, 2018, 48(4): 27-32.
[9]
TimmD H, BowerJ M, TurochyR E. Effect of load spectra on mechanistic-empirical flexible pavement design[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2006, 1947(1): 146-154.
[10]
MorovatdarA, AshtianiR S, Licon JrC. Development of a mechanistic framework to predict pavement service life using axle load spectra from Texas overload corridors[C]∥International Conference on Transportation and Development, Reston, VA, USA, 2020: 114-126.
QinShu-wei, MaBing-hui, ChenJie. Application research of dynamic weighing system in non-site law enforcement of overloading and over-limit[J]. Weighing Apparatus, 2019, 48(11): 11-14.
[13]
SujonM, DaiF. Application of weigh-in-motion technologies for pavement and bridge response monitoring: State-of-the-art review[J]. Automation in Construction, 2021, 130: No.103844.
[14]
YuY, CaiC S, DengL. State-of-the-art review on bridge weigh-in-motion technology[J]. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2016, 19(9): 1514-1530.
[15]
Kara De MaeijerP, LuyckxG, VuyeC, et al. Fiber optics sensors in asphalt pavement: state-of-the-art review[J]. Infrastructures, 2019, 4(2): No.36.
LiaoYan-biao, YuanLi-bo, TianQian. Forty years of optical fiber sensing in China[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2018, 38(3): 10-28.
[18]
MaB, ZouX G. Study of vehicle weight-in-motion system based on fiber-optic microbend sensor[C]∥2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, Changsha, China, 2010: 458-461.
[19]
JargusJ, KepakS, CubikJ, et al. Optical fibre bending sensor for vehicle weight detection[C]∥4th International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2019: No.194.
[20]
NedomaJ, ZborilO, FajkusM, et al. Fiber optic system design for vehicle detection and analysis[C]∥Optical Modelling and Design, Brussels, Belgium,2016: 500-507.
[21]
HuangY, LuP, TolliverD. Vehicle classification system using in-pavement fiber Bragg grating sensors[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, 18(7): 2807-2815.
[22]
LiuH, MaJ, XuT, et al. Vehicle detection and classification using distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 69(2): 1363-1374.
[23]
NarisettyC, HinoT, HuangM F, et al. Overcoming challenges of distributed fiber-optic sensing for highway traffic monitoring[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2021, 2675(2): 233-242.
[24]
WangY, HancherD E, MahboubK. Axle load distribution for mechanistic-empirical pavement design[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2007, 133(8): 469-479.
[25]
MaceaL F, MárquezL, LLinásH. Improvement of axle load spectra characterization by a mixture of three distributions[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2015, 141(12): No.04015030.
[26]
OhJ, WalubitaL F, LeidyJ. Establishment of statewide axle load spectra data using cluster analysis[J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015, 19: 2083-2090.
[27]
RysD, BurnosP. Study on the accuracy of axle load spectra used for pavement design[J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022, 23(11): 3706-3715.
ZhongJian-jun, SongJian, YouChang-xi, et al. Wavelet denoising method with optimal threshold based on SNR evaluation[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2014, 54(2): 259-263.
AddisonP S. The Illustrated Wavelet Transform Handbook: Introductory Theory and Applications in Science, Engineering, Medicine and Finance[M]. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.