Taking the bearing for the main shaft of a wind turbine as the research object, this paper establishes a statics model of the self-aligning roller bearing, which is subsequently employed to evaluate the internal contact characteristics and fatigue life of the bearing. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed model is validated using the Romax model. Additionally, a reliability analysis methodology for the self-aligning roller bearing is proposed, grounded in the Adaptive Kriging Monte Carlo Simulation (AK-MCS) and the L-P fatigue life theory. Finally, a quantitative assessment of the life reliability of the bearing is conducted. The results indicate that, within the coordinate system adopted in this study, the increase in positive axial force and self-aligning angle intensifies the uneven load distribution among the two rows of rollers in the self-aligning roller bearing, leading to a decrease in life reliability. Conversely, an enlargement in the roller contour radius, roller diameter, and initial contact angle enhances the life reliability of the bearing. However, an increase in the contour radii of the inner and outer raceways and elastic modulus results in a reduction in the life reliability. Notably, the roller contour radius and the inner raceway contour radius exhibit the most significant influence on the life reliability of the bearing.
式中:R( X )为轴承在随机变量 X 影响下的寿命结果,本文确定随机变量为滚子轮廓半径R、滚子直径D、内圈滚道轮廓半径ri、外圈滚道轮廓半径ro、初始接触角αini和弹性模量E,即 X =[R,D,ri,ro,αini,E]T;r* 为寿命阈值,根据GL风机行业设计标准[16],风力发电机主轴轴承的运行寿命应达到20年,按主轴转速为10 r/min,换算结果为r* =105.12×106转。
当 G <0时,轴承疲劳寿命低于规定阈值,轴承处于失效域F={ x:g( x )≤0}。失效概率为:
可靠性灵敏度定义为输入变量 X 分布参数的变化引起失效概率Pf 变化的比率,可衡量分布参数在给定点对失效概率的影响程度[17]。具体表达式为:
为研究随机变量 X 各参数对轴承疲劳寿命失效概率的影响程度,利用AK-MCS进行可靠性灵敏度分析,如图12所示。分析可知,滚子轮廓半径R、滚子直径D和初始接触角αini与轴承的疲劳寿命失效概率成负相关,即轴承寿命可靠度随R、D和αini的增大而升高;内圈滚道轮廓半径ri、外圈滚道轮廓半径ro和弹性模量E与轴承的疲劳寿命失效概率成正相关,即轴承寿命可靠度随ri、ro和E的增大而降低。其中,滚子轮廓半径R对轴承的寿命失效概率的影响最大,占比达到59.62%;其次是内圈滚道轮廓半径ri,占比为26.86%。因此,在调心滚子轴承的生产制造过程中,应注意严格控制滚子和内圈滚道轮廓半径的加工误差。
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