In response to the problems of poor safety and low efficiency of trajectory planning in three-dimensional space (X-Y-T), an adaptive sampling trajectory planning method based on improved artificial potential field (APF) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the three-dimensional trajectory planning problem is decomposed into two two-dimensional optimization problems by Frenet coordinate system, and the repulsive force field of strip blade and road boundary potential field are introduced into the sampling mechanism for adaptive sampling to reduce the number of sampling points in the planning space. Then, the guidance center line based on improved APF is introduced into the convex space developed by dynamic programming to construct a new quadratic programming problem, optimize the dynamic programming results, and obtain the path curve with the lowest comprehensive cost. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed trajectory planning method reduces computation time by 23.89%, while generating smoother and safer trajectories. This enhancement improves the planning efficiency of the autonomous vehicle and its capability for obstacle avoidance and path adjustment in dynamic environments.
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