To provide a reliable description of the car-following behavior for the traffic flow modeling research in the human driving environment, under the premise of vehicle spatiotemporal trajectory data of expressway, based on the "model parameter calibration-parameter importance recognition-cluster analysis", a complete set of car-following behavior style classification methods based on the rule-based car-following model was constructed. First, the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), which is suitable for the domestic traffic flow condition, was selected as the car-following model based on the existing researches, and in the parameter calibration stage, 143 sets of sample data on car-following behavior were extracted using the number of vehicle spatiotemporal trajectories collected on urban expressways, and subsequently the following distance and the speed of the rear vehicle are chosen as the performance indexes, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to calibrate the parameters of the IDM model for 143 sets of sample data on car-following behavior. Secondly, in the parameter importance identification stage, the primary attributes and secondary attributes of the IDM model parameters in the research scenario of this paper were obtained using the principal component analysis statistical method. Finally, the improved K-means plus clustering algorithm was used to classify the 143 sets of car-following behavior sample data into three categories and quantitatively analyze them in combination with the importance of the IDM model parameters, and ultimately obtain the characterization of the IDM model parameters of the three different car-following behavior styles: aggressive, modest and conservative. The results show that the proposed method can more intuitively classify drivers car-following behavior styles than the process without considering the importance of model parameters. In the simulation analysis, the impacts on traffic systems in terms of safety and emissions when one driving style accounts for the dominant proportion of drivers are analyzed, so as to explore the interpretability of the three car-following styles classified and defined. The results can help to more accurately portray the heterogeneity of driver car-following behavior, which is of guiding significance for further improving the accuracy of driving behavior simulation and designing automatic driving strategies that conform to human characteristics.
在交通系统排放性分析上,汽车尾气污染物排放主要在加速和减速时产生,且常用比功率(Vehicle specific power,VSP)表征车辆的瞬态排放状态,同时研究表明众多污染物的排放率均与VSP呈正相关关系[39]。SUMO仿真可输出所有车辆的瞬时速度和瞬时加速度,代入式(6)便可计算车辆VSP。因此,本文以仿真时间内的车辆平均VSP作为排放评价指标,平均VSP越高,代表排放量越大。仿真输出的具体结果如图16所示。
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