To achieve stability in emergency motion control for a four-wheel independent drive and steering vehicle, an integrated trajectory tracking control method based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is proposed. Firstly, the steering angle and wheel vector torque are directly and collaboratively optimized to reduce interference between steering and driving/braking actions. Secondly, tire utilization balance and tire force reserve are considered to avoid the risk of loss of control due to overload or slip of a single tire during maneuvering. Finally, the algorithm was validated using a MATLAB/Simulink-CarSim co-simulation platform. Experimental results show that, under the high-speed single lane-change scenario, the deviation peak is 0.118 2 m, and the peak of the vehicle's sideslip angle at the center of mass is 0.624 7°. Under the high-speed double lane-change scenario, the deviation peak is 0.204 1 m, and the peak of the sideslip angle at the center of mass is 1.012 9°, indicating that the proposed method effectively balances trajectory tracking accuracy and vehicle stability.
StanoP, MontanaroU, TaverniniD, et al. Model predictive path tracking control for automated road vehicles: a review[J]. Annual Reviews in Control, 2023, 55: 194-236.
[2]
PengH, WangW, AnQ, et al. Path tracking and direct yaw moment coordinated control based on robust MPC with the finite time horizon for autonomous independent drive vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(6): 6053-6066.
ZhaoXi-jun, ChenHui-yan. A study on lateral control method for the path tracking of intelligent vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2011 (5): 382-387.
[5]
ElbanhawiM, SimicM, JazarR. Receding horizon lateral vehicle control for pure pursuit path tracking[J]. Journal of Vibration and Control, 2018, 24(3): 619-642.
[6]
HuC, WangR, YanF, et al. Output constraint control on path following of four-wheel independently actuated autonomous ground vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2015, 65(6): 4033-4043.
XieXian-yi, WangYu-han, JinLi-sheng, et al. Intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control based on adjusting step size of control horizon[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(3): 620-630.
[9]
ZhangL, DingH, HuangY, et al. An analytical approach to improve vehicle maneuverability via torque vectoring control: theoretical study and experimental validation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68(5): 4514-4526.
[10]
JeongY, YimS. Path tracking control with four-wheel independent steering, driving and braking systems for autonomous electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Access, 2022, 10: 74733-74746.
[11]
LiangY, LiY, ZhengL, et al. Yaw rate tracking-based path-following control for four-wheel independent driving and four-wheel independent steering autonomous vehicles considering the coordination with dynamics stability[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2021, 235(1): 260-272.
[12]
YuZ, LuoR, MaH, et al. Yaw rate and roll motion control of 4IWMD/4WS vehicle based on active rear steering and torque coordination[C]∥2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), IEEE, 2024: 1470-1475.
[13]
XieJ, XuX, WangF, et al. Coordinated control based path following of distributed drive autonomous electric vehicles with yaw-moment control[J]. Control Engineering Practice, 2021, 106: 104659.
[14]
FalconeP, Eric TsengH, BorrelliF, et al. MPC-based yaw and lateral stabilisation via active front steering and braking[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2008, 46(S1): 611-628.
[15]
WangG, LiuL, MengY, et al. Trajectory tracking control combined with steering and torque vector control based on holistic MPC[C]∥2021 5th CAA International Conference on Vehicular Control and Intelligence (CVCI), IEEE, 2021: 1-6.
[16]
LiZ, ChenH, LiuH, et al. Integrated longitudinal and lateral vehicle stability control for extreme conditions with safety dynamic requirements analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23(10): 19285-19298.
[17]
WuY, LiB, ZhangN, et al. Rear-steering based decentralized control of four-wheel steering vehicle[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(10): 10899-10913.
[18]
PacejkaH. Tire and Vehicle Dynamics[M]. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd Oxford, 2005.
[19]
BakkerE, PacejkaH B, LidnerL. A new tire model with an application in vehicle dynamics studies[J]. SAE Transactions, 1989: 101-113.
[20]
WangG, LiuL, MengY, et al. Integrated path tracking control of steering and braking based on holistic MPC[J]. IFAC-Papers OnLine, 2021, 54(2): 45-50.