This paper focused on the effects of different solid wastes on the workability, mechanical properties, and durability of controlled low strength material(CLSM) as well as mechanisms. Various strength prediction models were systematically summarized. In addition, the strength formation mechanism and durability of cementless solid waste-based CLSM were outlined. In conclusion, future research recommendations and perspectives were given. Waste-based CLSM, offering low-carbon, highly flowable and tunable-strength advantages, is the key to greening backfill projects; establishing a waste-property/performance database, machine-learning-aided mix optimization, and systematic upgrades of durability and long-term heavy-metal safety are imperative.
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