This paper, based on fundamental distortion theory, derives theoretical formulas for calculating the minimum diaphragm stiffness of steel box girders under different diaphragm spacing conditions. On this basis, using the principle of energy conservation, the applicable range of the minimum diaphragm stiffness formula is clarified. Finite element analysis is used to study the impact of varying diaphragm spacing on the distortion behavior of conventional steel box girder sections. This analysis addresses and resolves the issue present in design codes, where excessively thick diaphragms are required for small spacings, providing clear theoretical guidance for the rational placement of diaphragms in conventional steel box girders. Using the "world's longest-span steel-concrete composite girder bridge under construction" as a case study, a large-scale reduced model test was designed to investigate the impact of diaphragm stiffness variations on the deformation of steel box girders under torsional conditions. 3D scanning technology and finite element methods were employed to analyze the test results, and the research shows that once the diaphragm stiffness provides basic constraints, further changes in stiffness have a very limited effect on the distortion behavior of the box girder.
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