To address the limitations of single-channel vibration signals in comprehensively characterizing gearbox fault features, this paper proposes a data-level fusion method called MFTDCN is proposed.This method effectively integrates information from multiple channels to obtain richer features compared to single vibration signals.The approach begins by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to multi-channel vibration signals to reduce them into three components. These components are then transformed into three time-frequency images using Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). An improved cosine similarity measure, based on Hoyer sparsity, is employed to calculate weights by combining sparsity and similarity metrics. These weights are used to perform weighted fusion of the three time-frequency images, resulting in a single RGB image, which is then used as input for the diagnostic model. The diagnostic model combines Deformable Convolution Networks (DCN) with Transformer architectures to extract features and classify faults. Experimental results on the gearbox data set of Southeast University and the data set jointly published by Beijing University of Technology and Beijing Jiaotong University confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method.
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