To address the issues of low efficiency and limited solution space caused by manual hyperparameter tuning when using traditional neural network models for vehicle lane-changing intention recognition, a lane-changing intention recognition model based on PSO-GRU was proposed. First, a multi-step trajectory smoothing method was developed considering the characteristics of horizontal and vertical trajectories in the NGSIM dataset. Next, the trajectory data were mined for parameters and reconstructed into the dataset to establish a vehicle lane-changing trajectory database. The importance of features in the database was evaluated using the random forest algorithm. Finally, a combined model for lane-changing intention recognition based on PSO-GRU was built, with the PSO algorithm used to optimize the hyperparameters of the GRU network to find the optimal configuration. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional deep learning and machine learning algorithms, the proposed PSO-GRU model exhibits higher recognition accuracy and more stable performance.
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