In the face of complex weather conditions such as cloudy days, rainy days, and nights, vehicle target detection is affected by factors such as lighting, rain, snow, and dust. As a result, problems like false detections and missed detections occur. To address these issues, a YOLOv10-vehicle target detection algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a new attention mechanism module named WT-PSA is designed to improve the model's attention to vehicle targets under complex weather. Secondly, the SPPF module is improved by introducing the average pooling operation to address the problem of insufficient feature information extraction caused by the max pooling operation. Then, an improved C2f-OD module is put forward to enhance the ability of the backbone network to extract image feature information. Finally, the model's loss function is replaced with Focal EIoU to accelerate the convergence speed and reduce the loss value. Comparative experiments are conducted on the vehicle dataset UA-DETRAC. The mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of the improved algorithm is increased by 5.1% compared with that of the original algorithm, demonstrating the superiority of the YOLOv10-vehicle algorithm in vehicle detection under complex and severe weather conditions. Meanwhile, experiments are also carried out on the VOC public dataset. The detection accuracy of the YOLOv10-vehicle algorithm in detecting vehicle targets is improved by 2.8%, which verifies the generalization ability of the improved algorithm in this paper.
为了准确地表示模型在恶劣天气条件下的检测效果,本文采用平均精度均值(mAP@0.5)、模型参数量(Params)、浮点计算量(FLOPs)作为模型性能评价的相关指标。在目标检测算法中,平均精度均值(Mean average precision,mAP)是评价检测性能的重要指标[20]。平均精度均值反映模型的检测精度,参数量和浮点计算量反映模型的大小和计算复杂度。其中平均精度均值和模型的准确率(P)、召回率(R)以及平均精度(AP)有关,准确率的计算公式为:
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