In order to investigate the factors influencing the severity of injury in self-driving car accidents, a structural equation model considering mediating effects was constructd to analyze the correlation between the takeover mode of self-driving cars and the severity of accidents. Using the self-driving car accident data in AVOID dataset, 17 influencing factors were selected from four aspects: vehicle characteristics, weather characteristics, road characteristics and collision conditions, and the mediating effect and factor structure analysis were used to explore the influence of each factor on the severity of self-driving accidents. The results show that road type can significantly reduce the severity of self-driving car accidents. Road condition, weather-cloudy, weather-rain, collision-left rear and lighting-daylight indirectly affect the severity of self-driving car accidents through the mediating effect. Among them, road condition can significantly reduce the severity of traffic accidents. Weather-rain significantly increases the severity of traffic accidents of self-driving cars. The takeover mode of the self-driving car when it is involved in a traffic accident has a significant negative effect on accident severity and the two have a complex correlation.
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