1.Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport,Ministry of Transport,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China
2.School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China
To tackle the issues that vehicle driving risk influencing factors are complex and unknown in the cooperative vehicle-infrastructure environment, and that traditional data-driven and physics-based model-driven prediction models lack sufficient interpretability and adaptability, a method is proposed in which an ego vehicle driving potential field is constructed using surrounding vehicles' motion state information acquired by onboard sensors, and a generalized force model is established by integrating ego vehicle driving state information to construct a vehicle-to-vehicle interaction information network. A generalized force model integrates the vehicle's driving state to create a vehicle-to-vehicle interaction network, while a vehicle-to-road network is formed using road sign and marking data. These networks are then fused into a dynamic interaction information network. To handle the dynamic nature of these forces, a routing mechanism is introduced. A switching Transformer model, combining the Transformer framework with a hybrid expert model, forms the foundation of the proposed vehicle driving risk prediction model, which is enhanced by the interaction information fusion network. Results show that the switching Transformer model outperforms the standard Transformer, with a 3.48% reduction in Mean Absolute Error(MAE), a 2.19% reduction in Root Mean Square Error(RMSE), and a 1.39% increase in the coefficient of determination (R²) in the comprehensive test set. In the lane-changing test set, the model shows improved adaptability, reducing MAE by 11.1%, RMSE by 9.0%, and increasing R² by 5.4%. Additionally, in risk prediction scenarios, the model demonstrates significant improvements in Inverse Time to Collision (ITTC), with increases of 0.288 7, 0.200 5, 0.714 2, and 0.288 8 for car-following, parking, exiting, and mixed lane-changing and exiting scenarios.
在所选的轨迹片段内,同时考虑周围车辆和周边环境的影响,通过分析目标车辆的行驶状态,量化其在未来约20 s内的行驶风险。本文采用碰撞时间TTC作为主要验证指标,以验证基于交互信息量化车辆行驶风险的方法的有效性。为避免在两车相对速度较小的情况下导致TTC趋向无穷大的问题,本文引入了TTC倒数(Inverse time to collision,ITTC)进行评估。当前车车速大于后车车速时,ITTC值将为0,表明后车不存在行驶风险。本文模型的风险指标包含车辆风险和道路风险,其中道路风险是一个固定值0.15。
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