To study the mechanism of hybrid fiber enhancement of asphalt toughening, calcium sulfate whisker and basalt fiber hybrid fiber reinforced asphalt materials were prepared. The temperature scanning test of dynamic shear rheometer, multiple stress creep recovery test, and scanning electron microscope test and other tests were conducted to analyze the the effects of hybrid fibers on asphalt rheological properties, microstructure, etc. The results show that both calcium sulfate whisker and basalt fiber can significantly improve the high-temperature stability of asphalt binder, and the effect of calcium sulfate whisker is especially prominent; when the content of calcium sulfate whisker is 5% and the content of basalt fiber is 1.0%, the failure temperature of hybrid fiber-modified asphalt is improved by about 19.58% compared with that of matrix asphalt. However, calcium sulfate whisker is detrimental to the flexibility performance at low temperatures, and the addition of basalt fiber can effectively alleviate the excessive hardening problem caused by calcium sulfate whisker. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of asphalt increased and then decreased with the increase of basalt fiber proportion, and reached the optimal equilibrium point when the basalt fiber doping was 1%. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed that calcium sulfate whisker had good dispersion and compatibility in asphalt, and that basalt fiber mainly played the role of toughening in the system.
玄武岩纤维(Basalt fiber,BF)作为毫米级纤维增强材料,以天然玄武岩为原料加工而成[19],相比常见的高分子纤维(如聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维等),具有更高的抗拉强度、弹性模量和抗高温卷曲能力[20],相比木质素纤维具有更好的热稳定性和耐腐蚀性[21],在工程应用中能够显著减少沥青路面的低温开裂、水损害、疲劳开裂等病害[22,23]。虽然玄武岩纤维能够提高沥青材料的多项性能,但BF在沥青高温黏弹性变化时限制其变形的能力较差,无法较大程度上改善沥青混合料的高温性能[24]。Wang等[25]制备BF改性沥青,并采用直接拉伸试验和循环拉伸疲劳试验评价了BF对沥青抗拉强度和抗疲劳性能的增强作用,发现BF可减轻临界区域的应力集中,减轻循环加载引起的疲劳损伤。Wu等[26]采用扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)技术,研究了微观结构中BF对沥青砂浆性能的影响,发现BF在沥青中可形成三维网状结构,这种结构有利于形成较厚的沥青膜,减少沥青离析。Gu等[27]研究了不同分散状态的BF改性沥青流变性能,发现束状BF的沥青在高温条件下表现出优异的流变性能,纤维掺量为2%、纤维长度为9 mm时表现最佳。
根据Superpave规范(AASHTO M 320-23)对S值和m值的规定,尽管CSW和BF的加入使S值增加、m值降低,但-12 °C时沥青的S和m值均满足规范要求,-18 °C时除去CSW改性沥青外,弯曲蠕变速率m值都大于0.3,满足规范要求,说明尽管混掺纤维改性沥青的低温性能有所降低,但仍在规范允许范围内,且其在高温性能方面具有突出表现,依旧存在较大应用空间。
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