Aiming at the problems of low coverage, high path redundancy and slow convergence speed of traditional DQN in UAV coverage path planning, an improved DQN model based on multi-mechanism fusion was proposed. Firstly, the workspace of the UAV was modeled as a two-dimensional grid map. It was preprocessed and the reward function was designed. Secondly, based on the traditional DQN, three mechanisms of Double DQN, Dueling Network and Priority Experience Replay were gradually integrated, and a multi-scale convolutional neural network was built using techniques such as one-hot encoding to construct an improved DQN model. Finally, a visual simulation experiment was designed, and an ablation experiment was performed using evaluation indicators such as grid coverage. The experimental results show that the improved DQN model performs well in the coverage path planning task, and its performance is better than that of traditional DQN and other models. Compared with traditional DQN, its grid coverage rate is increased by 8.28%. Also, the grid repetition rate, path length, number of collisions with obstacles, and number of times exceeding boundaries are reduced by 28.44%, 45.14%, 77.31%, and 90.14%. The network convergence speed is significantly accelerated as well.
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