低渗储层多参数表征及综合分类评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地南部区块长6油层组为例

Multi-Parameter Characterization and Comprehensive Classification Evaluation of Low-Permeability Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Chang 6 Oil-Bearing Formation in the Southern Ordos Basin

摘要

低渗储层孔喉结构复杂、非均质性强,因此,基于孔喉特征与渗流能力开展综合分类评价,对后续开发更具指导意义。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地南部长6油层组为研究对象,综合运用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、压汞、核磁共振和油水相渗等分析手段,系统评价储层的岩石学特征、物性、微观孔喉特征及渗流能力。在此基础上,通过计算综合评价参数,并采用基于概率的K均值聚类方法,对储层进行分类评价,进而探讨不同类型储层品质差异的成因。结果表明:研究区长6油层组岩石类型以细粒岩屑长石砂岩为主,储集空间主要为残余粒间孔和长石溶孔,孔喉组合以中-小孔与细喉为主;据此建立研究区综合分类评价体系,将储层划分为四类,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ类为优质储层,Ⅲ类为中等储层,Ⅳ类为较差储层,不同类型储层分布区对应差异化的开发方式。储层品质差异主要受沉积相类型、成岩作用强度及黏土矿物含量与类型共同控制,其中,一定含量的包膜式绿泥石有助于改善储层品质。

Abstract

Due to the complex pore-throat structures and strong heterogeneity of low-permeability reservoirs, a comprehensive classification and evaluation based on pore-throat characteristics and flow capacity is of great significance for guiding subsequent development. Taking the Chang 6 oil-bearing Formation in the southern Ordos basin as the research object, this study systematically evaluates the petrological characteristics, physical properties, microscopic pore-throat features, and flow capacity of the reservoir using an integrated suite of analytical methods, including thin-section petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oil–water relative probability. Based on K-means clustering method, the reservoir is classified and evaluated. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation parameter is calculated, and furthermore, the factors controlling the quality differences among different reservoir types are discussed. The results indicate that the Chang 6 oil-bearing Formation in the study area is predominantly composed of fine-grained lithic feldspathic sandstones. The reservoir spaces are mainly residual intergranular pores and feldspar dissolution pores, and the pore–throat assemblages are characterized by medium-to-small pores coupled with fine throats. Accordingly, a comprehensive classification and evaluation system is established, dividing the reservoirs into four types: Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ are high-quality reservoirs, Type Ⅲ are moderate reservoirs, and Type Ⅳ are poor reservoirs. The distribution areas of different reservoir types correspond to distinct development strategies. The differences in reservoir quality are primarily controlled by sedimentary facies type, diagenetic intensity, and the content and type of clay minerals, among which a certain content of grain-coating chlorite could improve reservoir quality.

关键词

低渗储层 / 孔喉结构 / 渗流能力 / 储层品质 / 储层评价 / 长6油层 / 鄂尔多斯盆地

Key words

low-permeability reservoir / pore-throat structure / seepage capacity / reservoir quality / reservoir evaluation / Chang 6 oil-bearing Formation / Ordos basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41472125)