基于显微CT技术的恐龙蛋壳气孔结构

Pore Structure of Dinosaur Eggshells Based on Micro-CT Technology

摘要

恐龙蛋壳是了解恐龙生活的古生物环境及演化与灭绝的重要证据,蛋壳中的气孔与不同类型恐龙的繁殖习性相适应.本研究以广东河源发现的一种蜂窝蛋类恐龙蛋壳为研究对象,对通过显微CT扫描获取的恐龙蛋壳CT影像气孔进行三维建模,从定性与定量的角度分析气孔的大小、形态、排列、空间特征和发育程度等信息.首先通过Python将处理后的CT数据转换为点云数据,依据滚球算法进行点云数据的三维重建;其次对处理后的CT数据通过Avizo软件进行三维建模;最后解剖其中一个气孔的点云数据进行典型气孔三维模型的研究,并随机抽取切片进行定量研究.结果表明:1)部分气孔内外表面不连通,孔道发育阻断,且受阻断的气孔从内外表面到中间孔道逐渐缩小,空间上交错镶嵌分布,具有不对称性;部分气孔连通,贯穿内外表面,发育较好,使氧气流入胚胎内部,供胚胎呼吸和发育.2)蛋壳气孔发育广泛,径切面气孔呈倒锥状、柱状,弦切面单个呈圆形、椭圆形和多边形等,周围基质似六边形、排列紧密,多个六边形组成蜂窝状结构,气孔间隔明显.3)蛋壳气孔孔径与通道高度呈现出近外表面比近内表面大的趋势,而贯穿内外表面的气孔无论是孔径还是高度都比近内、近外表面的大.4)气孔发达且呈蜂窝状,该类恐龙蛋孵化地可能是一个被埋藏的环境;倒锥状气孔显示孔径从近外表面到中部逐渐变小,推测是为了防止化学侵蚀和水分散发.

Abstract

Dinosaur eggshell is an important evidence to understand the palaeontological environment of dinosaurs, as well as their evolution and extinction. The pore in the eggshell is more suitable for the reproductive habits of different types of dinosaurs. In this study, a honeycomb egg dinosaur eggshell found in Heyuan, Guangdong Province, was taken as the research object. The CT image pore of the dinosaur eggshell obtained by Micro-CT scanning was built into three-dimensional modeling, and the size, shape, arrangement, spatial characteristics, and development degree of the pore were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Firstly, the processed CT data were converted into point cloud data by Python, and then reconstructed in three dimensions using the ball pivoting. Secondly, the processed CT data is modeled in three dimensions by Avizo. Finally, the point cloud data of one typical air hole is studied, and random slices are selected for quantitative research. The results showed that: 1) Some of the pore was not connected, the pore was blocked, and the blocked pore gradually reduced from the inner and outer surfaces to the middle pore, staggered and distributed in space, with asymmetry; Some of the pore was connected, running through the inner and outer surfaces, and well developed, so that oxygen flowed into the embryo for respiration and development. 2) The pore was widely developed, the pore in the diameter section was conical and columnar, and the pore in the string section was single round, oval, polygonal, etc., the surrounding matrix was like hexagon, arranged closely, and multiple hexagons formed a honeycomb structure, with obvious pore tal intervals. 3) The pore size and channel height of eggshell pores exhibit a trend of being larger near the outer surface than near the inner surface, while the pores that penetrate both surfaces have larger pore sizes and heights than the previous two. 4) The well-developed honeycomb pore revealed that the hatching site of the egg of this dinosaur might be a buried environment; The cone pore showed that the pore size gradually decreased from the near outer surface to the middle, which was speculated to prevent chemical erosion and water dispersion.

关键词

恐龙蛋壳 / 显微CT / 显微结构 / 气孔 / 点云 / 三维建模 / 广东河源

Key words

dinosaur eggshell / Micro-CT / microstructure / pore / point cloud / 3D modeling / Heyuan, Guangdong

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41672012)

国家自然科学基金项目(41688103)

国家自然科学基金项目(41202160)

中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000)

核资源与环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(NRE1913)

江西省放射性地学大数据技术工程实验室开放基金项目(JELRGBDT202002)

江西省数字国土重点实验室(东华理工大学)开放基金项目(DLLJ201916)

东华理工大学博士科研启动基金项目(DHBK2018021)