东濮凹陷卫城-古云集地区古近系沙三段地球化学特征及古环境重建

Geochemical Characteristics and Paleoenvironment Reconstruction of the Paleogene Sha 3 Member in the Weicheng-Guyunji Area, Dongpu Depression

摘要

沉积环境是制约油气成藏的重要因素,而沉积物地球化学特征是追溯古环境演化的有效途径.为探讨渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷卫城-古云集地区古近系沙三段时期的沉积特征,论文以层序地层学、地球化学和地球物理测井等方法,对目标区进行了较为系统的分析.利用测井曲线将东濮凹陷Y3井古近系沙三段划分为三个长期层序,从下到上依次为:层序一、层序二、层序三.通过主、微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征,在三个层序内开展古盐度、古气候、古氧化还原条件及构造背景分析,进而说明东濮凹陷卫城-古云集地区古近系沙三段的地球化学特征及古环境.结果表明:Y3井3个层序球粒陨石标准化后REE模式与后太古代澳大利亚页岩(PAAS)基本一致,呈现“V”形,总体为右倾斜型,且变化趋势平缓,说明轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损.研究区沙三段样品的Sr/Ba值变化范围为0.50~16.33,平均值为2.65,表明沙三段沉积期水体环境为咸水-半咸水环境;Sr/Cu值变化范围为5.88~653.31,平均值为90.41,表明沙三段沉积时期总体为干旱炎热气候;La_N/Yb_N值变化范围为7.85~12.25,平均值为10.14,表明在沙三段沉积过程中,气候环境为干热环境;V/(V+Ni)变化范围为0.45~0.79,平均值为0.69,指示研究区属于水体分层不强的厌氧环境;δCe变化范围为0.90~1.02,平均值为0.94,表明沙三段深沉水体整体为还原环境.整体看来,研究区沙三段气候整体干燥,处于还原、咸水-半咸水环境.根据La/Th w(Hf)与La/Yb w(REE)判别图解,源岩主要为中酸性长英质岩石和混合长英质/基性岩.

Abstract

Sedimentary environments serve as a critical constraint on hydrocarbon accumulation, while the geochemical characteristics of sediments provide an effective proxy for tracing paleoenvironmental evolution. To investigate the sedimentary characteristics of the Sha 3 Member of the Paleogene in the Weicheng-Guyunji area of the Dongpu depression, Bohai Bay basin, this paper conducts a systematic analysis of the target interval utilizing sequence stratigraphy, geochemistry, and geophysical well logging. Based on well logging curves, the Sha 3 Member in Well Y3 of the Dongpu depression is divided into three long-term sequences, which are designated as sequence Ⅰ, sequence Ⅱ, and sequence Ⅲ from bottom to top. Based on the geochemical characteristics of major, trace, and rare earth elements, this study evaluates paleosalinity, paleoclimate, paleo-redox conditions, and tectonic settings within these three sequences, and elucidates the geochemical characteristics and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Sha 3 Member in the Weicheng-Guyunji area of the Dongpu depression. The results indicate that the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the three sequences in Well Y3 are generally consistent with those of post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS). These patterns exhibit a “V” shape and an overall right-inclined trend with a gentle variation. This indicates a relative enrichment of light rare earth elements and a relative depletion of heavy rare earth elements. The Sr/Ba ratios of the Sha 3 Member samples in the study area range from 0.50 to 16.33, with an average of 2.65, indicating that the depositional water body during the Sha 3 Member period was characterized by a saline to brackish environment. The Sr/Cu ratios range from 5.88 to 653.31, with an average of 90.41, suggesting that the study area experienced an overall arid and hot climate during this period. Similarly, the La_N/Yb_N ratios range from 7.85 to 12.25, with an average of 10.14, which further corroborates the dry and hot paleoclimate during the deposition of the Sha 3 Member. The V/(V+Ni) ratios range from 0.45 to 0.79, with an average of 0.69, indicating that the study area was characterized by an anoxic environment with weak water column stratification. Furthermore, the δCe values range from 0.90 to 1.02, with an average of 0.94, indicating that the deep water body of the Sha 3 Member was predominantly in a reducing environment. Overall, the climate in the study area during the deposition of the Sha 3 Member was predominantly arid, with reducing conditions and a saline to brackish water environment. Discrimination diagrams of La/Th versus Hf and La/Yb versus ΣREE indicate that the source rocks were composed primarily of intermediate to acidic felsic rocks, as well as mixed felsic/mafic rocks.

关键词

东濮凹陷 / 沙三段 / 层序划分 / 地球化学特征 / 古环境

Key words

Dongpu depression / Sha 3 Member / sequence division / geochemical characterization / paleoenvironment

参考文献

[1] 胡涛, 熊智明, 肖惠译, 等. 断陷湖盆全油气系统油气藏有序分布特征及差异富集机制:以渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2025, 46(4): 1169-1182.

[2] Hu Tao, Xiong Zhiming, Xiao Huiyi, et al. Orderly Distribution Characteristics and Differential Enrichment Mechanisms of Oil and Gas Reservoirs in Full Petroleum System of Faulted Lake Basins: A Case Study of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum and Natural Gas Geology, 2025, 46(4): 1169-1182.

[3] 彭君, 孙宁亮, 鹿坤, 等. 东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组页岩油储层岩石学及微观孔隙结构特征[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(4): 128-141.

[4] Peng Jun, Sun Ningliang, Lu Kun, et al. Petrology and Micropore Structure Characteristics of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation Shale Oil Reservoir in Dongpu Depression[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2019, 30(4): 128-141.

[5] 程岳宏, 于兴河, 韩宝清, 等. 东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段地球化学特征及地质意义[J]. 中国地质, 2010, 37(2): 357-366.

[6] Cheng Yuehong, Yu Xinghe, Han Baoqing, et al. Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Sha 3 Member of Paleogene in Northern Dongpu Depression[J]. Geology in China, 2010, 37(2): 357-366.

[7] 高红灿, 郑荣才, 肖应凯, 等. 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组盐岩成因:来自沉积学和地球化学的证据[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(1): 19-32.

[8] Gao Hongcan, Zheng Rongcai, Xiao Yingkai, et al. Sedimentological and Geochemical Evidence for the Origin of Salt Rocks in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(1): 19-32.

[9] 徐翰. 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷形成与演化的数值模拟与构造分析[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2018.

[10] Xu Han. Numerical Simulation and Structural Analysis of Formation and Evolution of Dongpu Depression in Bohai Bay Basin[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2018.

[11] 余海波, 程秀申, 漆家福, 等. 东濮凹陷古近纪断层活动性对洼陷演化及生烃的影响[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2018, 25(6): 24-31.

[12] Yu Haibo, Cheng Xiushen, Qi Jiafu, et al. Influence of Paleogene Fault Activity on Sag Evolution and Hydrocarbon Generation in Dongpu Depression[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2018, 25(6): 24-31.

[13] 王羽君, 靳亚勤, 郭金兰. 构造沉积耦合格架下深层砂体展布及储层特征:以东濮凹陷古近系沙三段中亚段为例[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(5): 1912-1922.

[14] Wang Yujun, Jin Yaqin, Guo Jinlan. The Distribution of Deep Sand Body and Reservoir Characteristics Under the Structure-Sedimentary Coupling Frame: A Case Study of the Middle and Third Member of the Paleogene Sha 3 Member in Dongpu Depression[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(5): 1912-1922.

[15] 马小祥, 姚素平, 张柏林, 等. 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系古湖盆氧化还原条件及其优质烃源岩的发育模式[J]. 高校地质学报, 2019, 25(6): 801-812.

[16] Ma Xiaoxiang, Yao Suping, Zhang Bolin, et al. Redox Conditions and Development Model of High-Quality Source Rocks in Paleogene Palaeolustrine Basin, Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of Geology of Chinese Universities, 2019, 25(6): 801-812.

[17] 郝彪. 东濮凹陷古近系沙三上亚段古环境研究[D]. 唐山: 华北理工大学, 2019.

[18] Hao Biao. Study on Paleoenvironment of Paleogene Upper 3rd Submember of Sha 3 in Dongpu Depression[D]. Tangshan: North China University of Science and Technology, 2019.

[19] 李被, 刘池洋, 黄雷, 等. 东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(2): 227-239.

[20] Li Bei, Liu Chiyang, Huang Lei, et al. Sedimentary Environment Analysis of the Third Member of the Shahejie Formation in the North of Dongpu Depression[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(2): 227-239.

[21] 赵晴, 王峻, 蒋飞虎, 等. 东濮凹陷古近系沙三中亚段泥页岩地球化学特征及湖盆演化分析[J]. 矿物岩石, 2023, 43(3): 105-118.

[22] Zhao Qing, Wang Jun, Jiang Feihu, et al. Geochemical Characteristics of Mud Shale and Evolution of Lacustrine Basin in the Paleogene Sha 3 Middle Member of Dongpu Depression[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 2023, 43(3): 105-118.

[23] 周靖皓, 鲜本忠, 张建国, 等. 高频旋回地层约束下的湖相页岩有机质富集规律:以东营凹陷古近系沙三下亚段为例[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(4): 759-770.

[24] Zhou Jinghao, Xian Benzhong, Zhang Jianguo, et al. Organic Matter Enrichment in Lacustrine Shale Constrained by High-Frequency Cycles: A Case Study of the Lower 3 Member of the Paleogene Sha 3 in Dongying Sag[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2022, 24(4): 759-770.

[25] 徐云龙, 张洪安, 李继东, 等. 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷陆相页岩层系储集特征及其主控因素[J]. 断块油气田, 2022, 29(6): 729-735.

[26] Xu Yunlong, Zhang Hongan, Li Jidong, et al. Reservoir Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Continental Shale in Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2022, 29(6): 729-735.

[27] 余海波, 程秀申, 徐田武, 等. 东濮凹陷古近系构造特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2021, 28(3): 42-52.

[28] Yu Haibo, Cheng Xiushen, Xu Tianwu, et al. Paleogene Tectonic Characteristics and Their Controlling Effect on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Dongpu Sag[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2021, 28(3): 42-52.

[29] 张磊, 李莎, 罗波波, 等. 东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压岩性油气藏成藏机理[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2024, 36(4): 57-70.

[30] Zhang Lei, Li Sha, Luo Bobo, et al. Accumulation Mechanism of Overpressured Lithologic Oil and Gas Reservoirs in Paleogene Third Member of Shahejie Formation in Northern Dongpu Sag[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 57-70.

[31] Schnyder J, Ruffell A, Deconinck J F, et al. Conjunctive Use of Spectral Gamma-Ray Logs and Clay Mineralogy in Defining Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Palaeoclimate Change (Dorset, UK)[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2006, 229(4): 303-320.

[32] Wang M, Chen H, Huang C, et al. Astronomical Forcing and Sedimentary Noise Modeling of Lake-Level Changes in the Paleogene Dongpu Depression of North China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2020, 535: 116- 116.

[33] Baumgarten H, Wonik T. Cyclostratigraphic Studies of Sediments from Lake Van (Turkey) Based on Their Uranium Contents Obtained from Downhole Logging and Paleoclimatic Implications[J]. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2015, 104: 1639-1654.

[34] Li M, Huang C, Ogg J, et al. Paleoclimate Proxies for Cyclostratigraphy: Comparative Analysis Using a Lower Triassic Marine Section in South China[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2019, 189: 125-146.

[35] Taylor S R, McLennan S M. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution[M]. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication, 1985: 1-312.

[36] Boyton W V. Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Meteorite Studies[M]//Henderson P. Rare Earth Elements Geochemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984: 63-114.

[37] Nance W B, Taylor S R. Rare Earth Element Patterns and Crustal Evolution: I: Australian Post-Archean Sedimentary Rocks[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1976, 40(12): 1539-1551.

[38] 陈发亮, 朱晖, 李绪涛, 等. 东濮凹陷下第三系沙河街组层序地层划分及盐岩成因探讨[J]. 沉积学报, 2000, 18(3): 384-388, 394.

[39] Chen Faliang, Zhu Hui, Li Xutao, et al. Sequence Stratigraphy and Genesis of Salt Rocks in the Lower Tertiary Shahejie Formation, Dongpu Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(3): 384-388, 394.

[40] 杜海峰, 于兴河, 陈发亮. 东濮凹陷古近系沙三段盐岩成因探讨及层序地层学意义[J]. 西北地质, 2007, 40(4): 67-74.

[41] Du Haifeng, Yu Xinghe, Chen Faliang. Genesis and Sequence Stratigraphy Significance of Salt Rocks in the Paleogene Sha 3 Member of Dongpu Depression[J]. Northwest Geology, 2007, 40(4): 67-74.

[42] 赵俊峰, 纪友亮, 苏惠, 等. 东濮凹陷沙三段盐岩成因及层序地层划分[J]. 断块油气田, 2009, 16(2): 9-11.

[43] Zhao Junfeng, Ji Youliang, Su Hui, et al. Genesis and Sequence Stratigraphic Division of Salt Rock in Sha 3 Member, Dongpu Depression[J]. Fault Block Oil & Gas Field, 2009, 16(2): 9-11.

[44] 石雪峰. 东濮凹陷北部沙三段层序地层学研究及重点层位有利区带预测[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2008.

[45] Shi Xuefeng. Sequence Stratigraphy Study of Sha 3 Member in Northern Dongpu Depression and Prediction of Favorable Zone of Key Horizon[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2008.

[46] 高红灿, 郑荣才, 陈发亮, 等. 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组层序地层[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2011, 32(6): 839-850.

[47] Gao Hongcan, Zheng Rongcai, Chen Faliang, et al. Sequence Stratigraphy of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2011, 32(6): 839-850.

[48] 朱建伟, 赵刚, 刘博, 等. 油页岩测井识别技术及应用[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2012, 42(2): 289-295.

[49] Zhu Jianwei, Zhao Gang, Liu Bo, et al. Identification Technology and Its Application of Well-Logging About Oil Shale[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2012, 42(2): 289-295.

[50] 万涛. 渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系层序地层格架新解[J]. 断块油气田, 2025, 32(3): 389-397.

[51] Wan Tao. New Interpretation of Paleogene Sequence Stratigraphic Framework in Dongpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2025, 32(3): 389-397.

[52] 付文钊, 余继峰, 杨锋杰, 等. 小波变换与Hilbert-Huang变换应用于层序划分的比较[J]. 煤炭学报, 2013, 38(增刊2): 434-441.

[53] Fu Wenzhao, Yu Jifeng, Yang Fengjie, et al. Comparison Between Wavelet Transform and Hilbert-Huang Transform Applied to Sequence Partitioning[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2013, 38(Sup. 2): 434-441.

[54] 寻知锋, 余继峰, 张霞, 等. 小波变换在高分辨率层序地层划分中的应用[J]. 山东国土资源, 2017, 33(9): 77-81.

[55] Xun Zhifeng, Yu Jifeng, Zhang Xia, et al. Application of Wavelet Transform in High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic Division[J]. Shandong Land and Resources, 2017, 33(9): 77-81.

[56] 刘刚, 周东升. 微量元素分析在判别沉积环境中的应用:以江汉盆地潜江组为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2007, 29(3): 307-310, 314.

[57] Liu Gang, Zhou Dongsheng. Application of Trace Element Analysis in Distinguishing Sedimentary Environment: A Case Study of Qianjiang Formation, Jianghan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2007, 29(3): 307-310, 314.

[58] Fu J H, Li S X, Xu L M, et al. Paleo-Sedimentary Environmental Restoration and Its Significance of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(6): 998-1008.

[59] 刘鑫, 尚婷, 田景春, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区延长组长4+5段沉积期古环境条件及意义[J]. 地质学报, 2021, 95(11): 3501-3518.

[60] Liu Xin, Shang Ting, Tian Jingchun, et al. Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Significance of the Depositional Period of Chang 4+5 Member in Zhenbei Area of the Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019, 95(11): 3501-3518.

[61] Wang J, He Z, Zhu D, et al. Geochemical Characteristics, Depositional Environment, and Provenance Attitude of the Middle Jurassic Yangye Formation Lacustrine Mudstones in Kashi Sag, South-Western Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Journal, 2020, 55(4): 2976-2994.

[62] 李旋, 赵俊峰, 王迪, 等. 柴达木盆地西部地区早-中侏罗世沉积体系与古气候环境探讨[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2022, 33(7): 1060-1073.

[63] Li Xuan, Zhao Junfeng, Wang Di, et al. Discussion on Early and Middle Jurassic Sedimentary System and Paleoclimate Environment in Western Qaidam Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2012, 33(7): 1060-1073.

[64] 王旭影, 姜在兴. 苏北东台坳陷古新统阜宁组三段微量、稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 地质论评, 2021, 67(2): 355-366.

[65] Wang Xuying, Jiang Zaixing. Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Trace Rare Earth Elements in the Third Member of the Paleocene Funing Formation, Dongtai Depression, Northern Jiangsu[J]. Geological Review, 2021, 67(2): 355-366.

[66] 陆经化, 尹先锋, 邓淘, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组四段、五段储层地球化学特征及成因分析[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 19(5): 1-17.

[67] Lu Jinghua, Yin Xianfeng, Deng Tao, et al. Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of Reservoirs in Member 4 and Member 5 of Majiagou Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2022, 19(5): 1-17.

[68] 陈会军, 刘招君, 柳蓉, 等. 银额盆地下白垩统巴音戈壁组油页岩特征及古环境[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2009, 39(4): 669-675.

[69] Chen Huijun, Liu Zhaojun, Liu Rong, et al. Oil Shale Characteristics and Paleoenvironment of Lower Cretaceous Bayingebi Formation in Yinyi Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2009, 39(4): 669-675.

[70] 刘士林, 刘蕴华, 林舸, 等. 渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷新近系泥岩稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 现代地质, 2006, 20(3): 449-456.

[71] Liu Shilin, Liu Yunhua, Lin Ge, et al. REE Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Mudstones from Neogene, Nanpu Sag, Bohai Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2006, 20(3): 449-456.

[72] 徐文礼, 郑荣才, 颜雪, 等. 下扬子地区早古生代黑色岩系地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2014, 44(4): 1108-1122.

[73] Xu Wenli, Zheng Rongcai, Yan Xue, et al. Trace and Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of the Early Paleozoic Black Shales in the Lower Yangtze Area and Its Geological Significance[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(4): 1108-1122.

[74] Bhatia M R, Crook K A W. Trace Element Characteristics of Graywackes and Tectonic Setting Discrimination of Sedimentary Basins[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1986, 92(2): 181-193.

[75] 李佑国, 侯中健, 王安建, 等. 兰坪盆地新生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源制约[J]. 岩石学报, 2006, 22(3): 751-760.

[76] Li Youguo, Hou Zhongjian, Wang Anjian, et al. Geochemical Characteristics of Cenozoic Clastic Rocks in Lanping Basin and Their Provenance Constraints[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2006, 22(3): 751-760.

[77] Floyd P A, Leveridge B E. Tectonic Environment of the Devonian Gramscatho Basin, South Cornwall: Framework Mode and Geochemical Evidence from Turbiditic Sandstones[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 1987, 144(4): 531-542.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41972004)

辽宁工程技术大学学科创新团队资助项目(LNTU20TD14)