大兴安岭北段二道坎银矿区泥鳅河组形成时代、物源区示踪——碎屑锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素特征

Age and Provenance Tracing of the Niqiuhe Formation in the Erdaokan Silver Deposit, Northern Great Khingan Range: Evidence from Detrital Zircon U-Pb Dating and Hf Isotope Characteristics

摘要

黑龙江省二道坎银矿床是位于大兴安岭北段的热液脉型独立银矿床,其矿体主要赋存在泥盆系泥鳅河组沉积岩和火山碎屑岩两个岩段地层中,受热液作用形成了绢英岩化、硅化蚀变岩.本文以代表这两个岩段的绢英岩化蚀变岩、黄铁矿化硅化蚀变岩为研究对象,开展了碎屑锆石形态学、U-Pb年代学、微量元素和Hf同位素等测试分析,探讨其物源属性.结果表明:下部沉积岩段的绢英岩化蚀变岩主体锆石多以自形岩浆锆石为主,其U-Pb年龄的峰值段主要集中于早泥盆世(397~395 Ma),含少量中元古代锆石(1276 Ma);上部岩性段黄铁矿化硅化蚀变岩的锆石谐和年龄集中于晚泥盆世(369~358 Ma),有少量古元古代和中元古代锆石(1924~1593 Ma).除绢英岩化蚀变岩中的个别碎屑锆石外,大多数碎屑锆石微量元素特征为富集重稀土元素、亏损轻稀土元素,同时有极高的Ce正异常和明显的Eu负异常,为典型岩浆锆石.绢英岩化蚀变岩早泥盆世锆石的ε_Hf(t)值为10.5~14.5,二阶段模式年龄为713~469 Ma;黄铁矿化硅化蚀变岩晚泥盆世锆石的ε_Hf(t)值为-23.3~7.4,二阶段模式年龄为2811~889 Ma;这种特征表明,下部沉积岩段的物源主要来自早泥盆世弱富集幔源岩浆经火山作用喷出后形成的中基性火山岩,有少量中元古代地层混入;上部火山碎屑岩段物源主要来自古老地壳的改造和古老地壳与幔源物质混合形成的深成中酸性侵入岩,并有少量古-中元古代地层物质的加入.结合前人研究和碎屑锆石微量元素特征认为,早泥盆世沉积区处于碰撞后拉张环境,晚泥盆世沉积区处于俯冲大陆弧环境.

Abstract

The Erdaokan silver deposit in Heilongjiang Province, located in the northern segment of the Great Khingan Range, is an independent hydrothermal vein-type silver deposit. Ore bodies are mainly hosted in two members of the Devonian Niqiuhe Formation: The sedimentary member and the pyroclastic member. The wall rocks have undergone sericite-quartz alteration and silicification alteration via hydrothermal processes, forming two corresponding types of altered rocks. Taking the sericite-quartz altered rock and pyritized silicified altered rock representing the two members as research objects, this paper conducts systematic analyses of detrital zircon morphology, U-Pb geochronology, trace elements and Hf isotopes to investigate their provenance properties. The results indicate that zircons in the sericite-quartz altered rock from the lower sedimentary member are dominated by euhedral magmatic zircons. Their U-Pb age peaks are concentrated in the Early Devonian (397-395 Ma), with a small amount of Mesoproterozoic zircons (1276 Ma). Zircons in the pyritized silicified altered rock from the upper pyroclastic member yield concordant U-Pb ages in the Late Devonian (369-358 Ma), with a few Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic zircons (1924-1593 Ma). With the exception of individual detrital zircons in the sericite-quartz altered rock, most detrital zircons exhibit trace element patterns characterized by HREE enrichment and LREE depletion, accompanied by pronounced positive Ce anomalies and distinct negative Eu anomalies, indicative of typical magmatic zircons. The Early Devonian zircons from the sericite-quartz altered rock have ε_Hf(t) values of 10.5-14.5, with two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 713 Ma to 469 Ma. The Late Devonian zircons from the pyritized silicified altered rock have ε_Hf(t) values of -23.3-7.4, with two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 2811 Ma to 889 Ma. These characteristics suggest that the provenance of the lower sedimentary member is primarily intermediate-mafic volcanic rocks formed by the eruption of weakly enriched mantle-derived magmas in the Early Devonian, mixed with minor Mesoproterozoic strata. The provenance of the upper pyroclastic member is mainly derived from the reworking of ancient continental crust, as well as deep-seated intermediate-felsic intrusive rocks formed by the mixing of ancient crust and mantle-derived materials, with the addition of minor Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic strata. Integrating previous studies and trace element characteristics of detrital zircons, this study concludes that the Early Devonian sedimentary area was in a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting, while the Late Devonian sedimentary area was in a subduction continental arc tectonic setting.

关键词

泥鳅河组 / 锆石U-Pb定年 / Hf同位素 / 沉积时代 / 物源区 / 二道坎银矿床 / 大兴安岭北段

Key words

Niqiuhe Formation / zircon U-Pb dating / Hf isotopes / sedimentary age / provenance / Erdaokan silver deposit / Northern Great Khingan Range

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(42072085)

黑龙江省矿业科技研究院有限责任公司科研项目(20221)