基于互相干方法的列车源噪声干涉成像

Seismic Interferometry Imaging of Train-Induced Noise Based on the Cross-Coherence Method

摘要

列车震源作为一种潜在的噪声源,可利用其能量强的特点实现浅地表被动源面波成像;但由于列车信号方位性及可重复性强且非平稳的特点不满足地震干涉法中的震源均匀分布假设,在进行地震干涉时会出现串扰现象,降低了虚炮集的信噪比.互相干干涉适用于震源自身存在相干性的情况,在处理交通噪声等相干噪声源信号时具有更加优越的性能.本文对列车地震数据处理流程进行改进,将互相干干涉引入列车噪声地震干涉成像,开展互相关干涉法和互相干干涉法成像效果对比研究,并依托模拟数据和实测数据验证方法的可行性和有效性.得到高质量虚炮集后提取频散曲线,并利用频散曲线进行反演,最终得到地下速度结构剖面,实现列车震源的浅地表面波频散成像.研究结果表明,互相干干涉法在处理列车震源信号时,能够有效减少串扰现象,显著提高虚炮集的信噪比.

Abstract

As a potential seismic noise source, train-induced seismic sources feature strong energy and can be utilized for near-surface passive surface wave imaging. However, train signals are highly directional, repetitive and non-stationary, which violates the assumption of a uniform source distribution in seismic interferometry. This leads to crosstalk during seismic interferometric processing and reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of virtual shot gathers. Cross-coherence interferometry is applicable to sources with inherent coherence and delivers superior performance when processing coherent noise-source signals such as traffic-induced seismic noise. In this study, the processing workflow for train-induced seismic data is improved by introducing cross-coherence interferometry into seismic interferometry imaging using train noise. A comparative analysis is conducted between cross-correlation interferometry and cross-coherence interferometry in terms of imaging performance. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified using both synthetic and field data. High-quality virtual shot gathers are obtained to extract dispersion curves, which are subsequently adopted for inversion. Finally, subsurface velocity profiles are constructed, achieving near-surface surface wave dispersion imaging with train-induced seismic sources. The results demonstrate that cross-coherence interferometry can effectively suppress crosstalk and markedly improve the SNR of virtual shot gathers when processing train-induced seismic signals.

关键词

列车地震信号 / 地震干涉 / 被动源面波成像 / 频散曲线反演

Key words

train seismic signals / seismic interferometry / passive surface wave imaging / dispersion curve inversion

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA0716902)

国家自然科学基金项目(42174176)

陕西地矿集团有限公司科研专项资金项目(KYQ202412)