基于微地震监测技术的致密砂岩储层改造效果

Stimulation Effectiveness of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs Based on Microseismic Monitoring Technology

摘要

致密砂岩储层物性差、非均质性强、砂体连通性复杂,水平井体积压裂是该类储层高效建产的主要手段.综合评价储层品质、压裂裂缝空间展布形态、缝网连通性及储层改造体积是决定单井产量的关键.本研究运用井中微地震监测技术对鄂尔多斯盆地中东部地区三个区块六口井的压裂全过程开展裂缝监测,并持续进行生产动态跟踪,综合分析气井压裂改造效果.研究结果表明:水力压裂规模控制储层改造体积,压裂规模增加与裂缝扩展正相关,当压裂规模达到一定水平后,缝网会产生明显的边际效应;在同等压裂改造规模条件下,优质砂体规模越大,水力压裂改造效果越好;根据储层岩石力学性质设计压裂簇间距,储层脆性指数越高,设计簇间距越大;簇间距分布均匀时,压裂后能够形成互相影响的复杂缝网;优质储层条件与压裂改造规模匹配度越高,单井产量越高.

Abstract

Tight sandstone reservoirs are characterized by poor petrophysical properties, strong heterogeneity and complex sand body connectivity. Volumetric fracturing in horizontal wells is the primary technique for the efficient development of such reservoirs. A comprehensive evaluation of reservoir quality, spatial distribution of hydraulic fractures, fracture-network connectivity and stimulated reservoir volume is critical for determining single-well productivity. In this study, downhole microseismic monitoring was used to monitor fracture development during the entire fracturing process of six wells in three blocks in the mid-eastern Ordos basin. Continuous production performance tracking was carried out to comprehensively evaluate the stimulation effectiveness of gas wells. The results show that the scale of hydraulic fracturing controls the stimulated reservoir volume, and the increasing fracturing scale is positively correlated with fracture propagation. When the fracturing scale reaches a certain level, an obvious marginal effect occurs in the fracture network. Under the same fracturing stimulation scale, the larger the scale of high-quality sand bodies, the better the hydraulic fracturing effectiveness. Fracturing cluster spacing should be designed according to the mechanical properties of reservoir rocks. A higher the reservoir brittleness index requires a larger designed cluster spacing. When cluster spacing is uniformly distributed, a complex fracture network with interacting fractures can be formed after fracturing. A better match between high-quality reservoir conditions and fracturing stimulation scale leads to higher the single-well productivity.

关键词

致密砂岩 / 储层特征 / 岩石力学特征 / 微地震 / 压裂改造 / 裂缝网络 / 鄂尔多斯盆地

Key words

tight sandstone / reservoir characteristics / rock mechanical characteristics / microseismic / fracturing stimulation / fracture network / Ordos basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42202143)