坳陷湖盆细粒沉积特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地甘泉地区长7段为例

Fine-Grained Sedimentary Characteristics of Depression Lake Basin: Taking Chang 7 Member in Ganquan Area of Ordos Basin as an Example

摘要

坳陷湖盆细粒沉积岩已经成为油气勘探的重要领域,开展细粒沉积岩相学及沉积微相研究可为勘探选区提供理论及实践依据.本研究以鄂尔多斯盆地甘泉地区三叠系延长组长7段为例,通过岩心观察,结合测井曲线、粒度分析和试油试采等资料,明确了长7段岩相、沉积相类型及特征,预测了沉积相展布规律并探讨了其对油藏分布的控制作用.研究表明:研究区长7段发育块状层理、平行层理、滑塌变形、球枕构造、泄水构造和火焰状构造等沉积构造;长７₁、７₂亚段植物化石富集,长７₃未见;粒度概率曲线表现为单段悬浮、两段递变和宽缓上拱３种类型;长7段为半深湖-深湖及三角洲前缘沉积环境.根据岩性和沉积构造共划分出１０种岩相类型和４种岩相组合模式,其中以块状层理细砂岩相、流水波纹层理细砂岩相、浪成交错层理粉砂岩相、变形层理泥质粉砂岩相、韵律层理粉砂质泥岩相和块状泥岩相等６种岩相为主.识别出水下分流河道、分流间湾、半深湖-深湖泥、浊流、砂质碎屑流和滑动－滑塌６种沉积微相.水下分流河道砂体、浊流砂体和砂质碎屑流砂体均可作为优质储集体,而水下分流河道砂体是研究区的主力产层.

Abstract

Fine-grained sedimentary rocks have become an important field of oil and gas exploration in the depression lake basin. The study of fine-grained sedimentary petrography and sedimentary microfacies can provide a theoretical and practical basis for exploration and target selection. Taking the Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ganquan area of Ordos basin as an example, the types and characteristics of lithofacies and sedimentary facies of Chang 7 Member were clarified by core observation, logging curve, grain size analysis, and oil test and production test. The distribution law of sedimentary facies was predicted, and its control effect on reservoir distribution was discussed. The results show that the sedimentary structures such as massive bedding, horizontal bedding, slump deformation, ball pillow structure, water discharge structure, and flame structure are developed in the Chang 7 Member of the study area. Plant fossils are enriched in Chang 7₁ and 7₂ Submembers, but not found in Chang 7₃ Submember. The probability curve of grain size shows three types: Single-stage suspension, two-stage gradual change, and wide and gentle arching. It is comprehensively reflected that the sedimentary environment of Chang 7 Member is semi-deep lake-deep lake and delta front. According to lithology and sedimentary structure, 10 lithofacies types and 4 lithofacies combination modes are divided, and 6 lithofacies are mainly developed, such as massive bedding fine sandstone facies, flow cross bedding fine sandstone facies, wave cross bedding siltstone facies, deformed bedding argillaceous siltstone facies, rhythmic bedding silty mudstone facies, and massive mudstone facies. Six sedimentary microfacies are identified, including underwater distributary channel, interdistributary bay, semi-deep lake-deep lake mud, turbidity current, sandy debris flow, and slip-slump. Underwater distributary channel sand body, turbidite sand body and sandy debris flow sand body can act as high-quality reservoirs, and the underwater distributary channel sand body is the main production layer in the study area.

关键词

细粒沉积岩 / 沉积特征 / 相标志 / 沉积相 / 岩相 / 长7段 / 油藏分布 / 鄂尔多斯盆地

Key words

fine-grained sedimentary rocks / sedimentary characteristics / phase mark / sedimentary facies / lithofacies / Chang 7 Member / reservoir distribution / Ordos basin

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42372155)

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2025JC-YBQN-437)

陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(24JK0603)